Table 1.
Distribution of time-varying 3-year averagePM2.5a | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Characteristics | N | Mean | SD | 25th | Median | 75th | pb |
Overall | 2202 | 12.63 | 2.60 | 10.74 | 12.07 | 14.23 | |
Region of Residence | <.001 | ||||||
Northeast | 462 | 12.25 | 1.36 | 11.14 | 12.20 | 13.27 | |
South | 319 | 12.23 | 1.77 | 10.56 | 11.87 | 14.04 | |
Midwest | 856 | 12.91 | 2.44 | 10.68 | 12.38 | 15.39 | |
West | 565 | 12.75 | 3.70 | 10.46 | 11.70 | 14.32 | |
Race/Ethnicity | <.001 | ||||||
African-American | 136 | 15.05 | 2.38 | 13.58 | 14.69 | 16.38 | |
Hispanic White | 26 | 13.29 | 2.89 | 11.11 | 12.29 | 14.36 | |
Non-Hispanic White | 1983 | 12.43 | 2.49 | 10.66 | 11.87 | 13.94 | |
Other or Missing | 57 | 13.56 | 3.28 | 11.38 | 12.84 | 15.52 | |
Education | .027 | ||||||
Less than high school | 107 | 12.67 | 2.58 | 10.89 | 11.96 | 14.31 | |
High school | 469 | 12.34 | 2.28 | 10.63 | 11.75 | 13.63 | |
More than high school | 1626 | 12.71 | 2.68 | 10.76 | 12.12 | 14.32 | |
Income (in USD) | .004 | ||||||
< 9,999 | 483 | 12.38 | 2.56 | 10.61 | 11.73 | 14.21 | |
10,000–34,999 | 678 | 12.57 | 2.54 | 10.67 | 12.09 | 14.18 | |
35,000–49,999 | 469 | 12.59 | 2.56 | 10.68 | 11.96 | 14.01 | |
50,000–74,999 | 308 | 12.88 | 2.69 | 11.05 | 12.28 | 14.20 | |
75,000 or more | 194 | 13.21 | 2.79 | 10.96 | 12.61 | 15.11 | |
Don’t know | 70 | 12.53 | 2.47 | 10.75 | 12.20 | 13.87 | |
Lifestyle | |||||||
Smoking status | .276 | ||||||
Never smoked | 1214 | 12.66 | 2.62 | 10.73 | 12.04 | 14.31 | |
Past smoker | 862 | 12.65 | 2.55 | 10.82 | 12.16 | 14.15 | |
Current Smoker | 126 | 12.27 | 2.70 | 10.46 | 11.51 | 14.09 | |
Alcohol use | .031 | ||||||
Non-drinker | 271 | 13.07 | 2.75 | 10.66 | 12.50 | 15.07 | |
Past drinker | 400 | 12.61 | 2.56 | 10.73 | 12.03 | 14.38 | |
Less than 1 drink per day | 1263 | 12.55 | 2.56 | 10.73 | 12.00 | 14.01 | |
More than 1 drink per day | 268 | 12.61 | 2.64 | 10.89 | 11.97 | 14.15 | |
Moderate or strenuous activities ≥ 20 minutes | .294 | ||||||
No activity | 1260 | 12.67 | 2.66 | 10.73 | 12.15 | 14.39 | |
Some activity | 116 | 12.77 | 2.43 | 10.83 | 12.07 | 14.61 | |
2–4 episodes/week | 446 | 12.68 | 2.53 | 10.82 | 12.04 | 14.23 | |
≥4 episodes/week | 380 | 12.40 | 2.52 | 10.66 | 11.83 | 13.66 | |
Physical Health | |||||||
Hypertension | .321 | ||||||
No | 1385 | 12.59 | 2.59 | 10.69 | 12.01 | 14.22 | |
Yes | 817 | 12.70 | 2.60 | 10.78 | 12.16 | 14.26 | |
Treated hypercholesterolemia | .267 | ||||||
No | 1817 | 12.60 | 2.60 | 10.73 | 12.06 | 14.22 | |
Yes | 385 | 12.76 | 2.57 | 10.82 | 12.16 | 14.27 | |
Diabetes Mellitus | .593 | ||||||
No | 2078 | 12.64 | 2.61 | 10.73 | 12.07 | 14.26 | |
Yes | 124 | 12.51 | 2.44 | 10.87 | 12.12 | 13.60 | |
Cardiovascular disease | .166 | ||||||
No | 1847 | 12.60 | 2.59 | 10.73 | 12.03 | 14.19 | |
Yes | 355 | 12.81 | 2.66 | 10.80 | 12.33 | 14.75 | |
Prior hormone therapy | .500 | ||||||
No | 1189 | 12.66 | 2.52 | 10.73 | 12.13 | 14.20 | |
Yes | 1013 | 12.59 | 2.68 | 10.76 | 12.00 | 14.28 |
PM2.5 represents the distribution of the individual-level summary of all time-varying 3-year exposures aggregated from the daily exposure levels estimated at each residential location using the spatiotemporal model.
p values estimated from ANOVA F-tests or t-tests