Table 1.
The characteristics of participants included in the review
| Study year | Study design | Country | Subjects number T (male, female) C (male, female) |
Mean age | Diagnosing criteria of sarcopenia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bellomo et al. 2013 [53] | RCT | American |
T:10(10,0) C:10(10,0) |
70.9 ± 5.2 | SMI (kg/m2) by DXA < 2 SD of a young reference group |
| Wei et al. 2017 [54, 55] | RCT |
China (Hong Kong) |
T1:20(7,13) T2:20(7,13) T3:20(5,15) C:20(5,15) |
T1:78 ± 4 T2:75 ± 6 T3:74 ± 5 C:76 ± 6 |
SMI (kg/m2) by BIA, cutoff 8.87 kg/m2 for male, cutoff 6.42 kg/m2 for female |
| Zhu et al. 2019 [57] | RCT | Mainland of China |
T:28(NR) C:27(NR) |
T:89.5 ± 4.4 C:87.5 ± 3 |
SMI (kg/m2) by DXA cutoff values 7.0 kg/m2 for male and 5.4 kg/m2 for female; grip strength cutoff 26 kg for male and 18 kg for females, walking speed cutoff value 0.8 m/s from AWGS |
| Pietrangelo et al. 2009 [52] | CCT | Italy | T:9(4,5) |
M:75.3 ± 6.9 F:71.0 ± 5.7 |
SMI (kg/m2) by DXA < 2 SD of a young reference group |
| Chang et al. 2018 [56] | CCT | China (Taiwan) | 17(12,5) | 82.12 ± 8.19 | SMI (kg/kg) by body composition analyzer (model IOI353) cutoff for males 10.75 kg/m2, and females 6.75 kg/m2 grip strength cutoff 26 kg for male and 18 kg for females, walking speed cutoff value 0.8 m/s Standards |
| Miller et al. 2018 [51] | CCT | American | 15(0/15) | 58.2 ± 6.4 | ALM/BMI cutoff values 0.789 for male and 0.512 for female |
SMI (kg/m2): muscle mass (kg)/height (m)2, SMI (kg/kg): muscle mass (kg)/weight(kg), ALM/BMI: ALM (appendicular lean mass)/BMI (body mass index), DXA Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BIA Bioimpedance analysis, AWGS Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia