Table 2.
The characteristics of training protocol and outcomes included in the review
| Study year | Type of intervention (T/C) | Vibration machine | Posture of WBV or location of LV | Vibration Frequency (Hz) | Time of duration | Frequency of sessions ×duration of program | Outcome measures and (follow up period in weeks) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle mass | Muscle strength | Physical performance | |||||||
| Bellomo et al. 2013 [53] |
T:LV C:None |
VISS device (Vissman, Rome, Italy) | Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles | 300 | 15 min |
1/week from week 1 to 8 3/week from week 9 to 12 |
NM | Lower-limb strength (0,12) | Balance test: Sway area (0,12) |
| Wei et al. 2017 [54, 55] |
T1: WBV T2: WBV T3: WBV C: None |
WBV machine (Fit vibe excel, Gymna Uniphy NV, Bilzen, Belgium) | Stood barefoot with their knee joint flexed at 60° on the platform of the WBV machine with hands holding onto the rail in front |
T1:20 T2:40 T3:60 |
12 min 6 min 4 min |
3/week from 1 to 12 |
CSA (0,6,12,18,24) |
Lower-limb strength (0,6,12,18,24) |
Meter walking test Timed up and-go test Five-repetition sit-to-stand test (0,6,12,18,24) |
| Study year | Type of intervention (T/C) | Vibration machine | Posture of WBV or location of LV | Vibration Frequency (Hz) | Time of duration | Frequency of sessions ×duration of program | Outcome measures and (follow up period in weeks) | ||
| Muscle mass | Muscle strength | Physical performance | |||||||
| Zhu et al. 2019 [57] |
T: WBV C: None |
WBV machine Wellengang Excellence reciprocating vibration platform (SVG, Wellengang, Germany) | Set on the chair next to the WBV machine and put the foot on the fixed position of the WBV machine with hands holding onto the rail in front |
12 for 1 to 2 weeks 14 for 3 to 6 weeks 16 for 7 to 8 weeks |
20 min | 5/week from 1 to 8 | DXA (0,8) |
Handgrip strength Lower-limb strength (0,8) |
The 6-m gait speed test Timed-up-and-go test Five-times-sit-to-stand test Balance test (0,8) |
| Pietrangelo et al. 2009 [52] | LV | VISS device (Vissman, Rome, Italy) | Intermedius femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis muscles. | 300 | 15 min |
1/week from week 1 to 8 3/week from week 9 to 12 |
CSA (0,4,8,12) | Lower-limb strength (0,4,8,12,28) | NM |
| Study year |
Type of intervention (T/C) |
Vibration machine | Posture of WBV or location of LV | Vibration Frequency (Hz) | Time of duration | Frequency of sessions ×duration of program | Outcome measures and (follow up period in weeks) | ||
| Muscle mass | Muscle strength | Physical performance | |||||||
| Chang et al. 2018 [56] | WBV | Whole-body vibration (i-vib6050 model) | Stood on a vibration and stimulation generating platform | 12 | 10 min | 3/week from week 1 to week 12 |
SMI (kg/kg) (1, 12) |
Grip strength (1, 12) |
Eight-foot up and go test Five repeated sit-to-stand tests Standing on one-foot text Shoulder-arm flexibility text (1, 12) |
| Miller et al. 2018 [51] | WBV | Whole-body vibration (Power Plate platform (Northbrook, Illinois) | Stood bare foot on the platform, legs shoulder width apart, knees flexed to a 30° angle, and their arms placed equidistant on the device handles. | 30 |
T1:6 min T2:1min |
T1:1 time T2:6 time |
NM | Grip strength (acute) |
Timed Up and Go Test Berg Balance Scale Sit and Reach (acute) |
WBV whole-body vibration, LV local vibration, CSA cross-sectional area, SMI (kg/kg): muscle mass (kg)/weight(kg), DXA Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, NM not measured