Table 1.
Basic study characteristics
| Study | Intervention duration | Main indicators | Combined treatment | Group | Number (Number of eyes) | Gender M/F |
Age | DR staging (I/II/III) | Drug (dose) | Case exfoliation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JJ, 2018 [26] | 12 w | Visual acuity, fundus, blood sugar, blood lipid, inflammatory index | Hypoglycemia, hypotension, lipid regulation | WM + TCM | 30 | 14/16 | 58.97 | – | CD (500 mg, tid) + Yangyin Xiaoyu Mingmu Prescription(100 ml, bid) | – |
| WM | 30 | 15/15 | 59.2 | – | CD (500 mg, tid) | – | ||||
| LWJ, 2015 [23] | 9 m | Visual acuity, symptom score | – | WM + TCM | 38 | 32/44 | 57.4 ± 2.8 | – | CD (2 pills, tid) + Qihuang Mingmu Capsule (4 pills, tid) | – |
| WM | 38 | CD (2 pills, tid) | – | |||||||
| SHL, 2014 [17] | 3 m | Visual acuity, fundus, blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids | Control of blood sugar | WM + TCM | 43 (86) | 22/21 | 50.22 ± 14.82 | – | CD (2 pills, tid) + Qiming Granule(4.5 g, tid) | – |
| WM | 43 (86) | 23/20 | 50.53 ± 11.28 | – | CD (2 pills, tid) | – | ||||
| WQ, 2018 [22] | 3 m | Clinical efficacy | – | WM + TCM | 44 | 18/26 | 58.4 ± 7.5 | – | CD (0.5 g,tid) + Qiming Granule (4.5 g, tid) | – |
| WM | 44 | 22/22 | 57.8 ± 6.2 | – | CD (0.5 g, tid) | – | ||||
| YXD, 2018 [31] | 3 m | Visual acuity, mydriasis fundus, anterior segment examination, blood sugar, blood lipid | Exercise diet therapy, hypoglycemia | WM + TCM | 50 | 24/26 | 54.63 ± 5.28 | 19/16/15 | CD (0.5 g, tid) + Qiming Granule (1 bag, tid) | – |
| WM | 46 | 25/21 | 55.27 ± 5.42 | 18/13/15 | CD (0.5 g, tid) | – | ||||
| HCL, 2018 [29] | 12 w | Fundus score, blood sugar, blood lipid | Diet and exercise, hypotension, lipid regulation | WM + TCM | 40 (79) | – | 58.95 ± 11.13 | 18/15/7 | CD (0.5 g, tid) + Tangzhiping Prescription (0.5 agents, bid) | 3 |
| WM | 40 (78) | – | 58.40 ± 9.21 | 17/17/6 | CD (0.5 g, tid) | 2 | ||||
| JHZ, 2014 [19] | 6 m | Clinical symptoms, visual acuity, fundus, optical coherence tomography, hemorheology | Standard diet to control blood sugar | WM + TCM | 51 | 31/20 | 57.8 ± 5.7 | – | CD (0.5 g, tid) + Ziyin Yiqi Tongluo Recipe (100 ml, bid) | – |
| WM | 51 | 29/22 | 58.4 ± 6.3 | – | CD (0.5 g,tid) | – | ||||
| HXD, 2017 [20] | 3 m | Clinical efficacy, depression of lesion improvement score, visual acuity, TCM symptom score | – | WM + TCM | 40 | 23/17 | 52.35 ± 3.11 | 10/20/10 | CD (0.5 g, tid) + Mimeng Flower decoction (0.5 agents, bid) | – |
| WM | 40 | 24/16 | 52.31 ± 3.07 | 8/22/10 | CD (0.5 g, tid) | – | ||||
| LD, 2018 [30] | 3 m | Ophthalmic artery, Central retinal artery, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α、Stromal cell-derived factor 1 | Hypoglycemic drugs, diet and exercise | WM + TCM | 45 | 27/16 | 48.34 ± 6.49 | 21/13/11 | CD (250–500 mg, tid) + Compound Xueshuantong Capsule (3 pills, tid) | – |
| WM | 45 | 25/20 | 48.56 ± 7.64 | 20/15/10 | CD (250–500 mg, tid) | – | ||||
| XLP, 2016 [21] | 6 m | Visual acuity, slit lamp, intraocular pressure, fundus fluorescein angiography | Hypoglycemia, hypotension, lipid regulation | WM + TCM | 110 (216) | 69/41 | 49.5 ± 5.9 | - | CD (250–500 mg, tid) + Compound Xueshuantong Capsule (3 pills, tid) | – |
| WM | 110 (214) | 68/42 | 50.2 ± 6.4 | – | CD (250–500 mg, tid) | – | ||||
| PCS, 2013 [25] | 3 m | Fluorescein fundus angiography, hemorheology, visual field agent flash electroretinogram, overall efficacy | Basic treatment of diabetes mellitus | WM + TCM | 28 (56) | 12/16 | 51.7 ± 10.9 | 14/22/20 | CD (500 mg, bid) + Liangxue Sanyu Decoction (0.5 agents, bid) | 7 |
| WM | 28(56) | 13/15 | 49.3 ± 8.9 | 13/26/17 | CD (500 mg, bid) | |||||
| LHY, 2019 [16] | 3 m | Clinical efficacy, visual acuity | – | WM + TCM | 60 (60) | 34/26 | 49.4 ± 7.8 | 34/18/8 | CD (1 pill, tid) + Compound Xueshuantong Capsule (3 pills, tid) | – |
| WM | 60 (60) | 32/28 | 50.3 ± 7.4 | 34/16/10 | CD (1 pill, tid) | – | ||||
| CR, 2011 [18] | 3 m | Clinical efficacy | Diabetic diet, hypoglycemic drugs | WM + TCM | 30 | 23/7 | 50.13 ± 6.74 | 11/7/12 | CD (500 mg, tid) + Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Prescription (100 ml, tid) | – |
| WM | 30 | 21/9 | 51.57 ± 5.62 | 13/12/5 | CD (500 mg, tid) | – | ||||
| JCX, 2009 [27] | 5 m-1y | Fundus examination, visual acuity | Hypoglycemia, hypotension and lipid regulation | WM + TCM | 20 | 8/12 | 41–82 | 6/10/4 | Yinxingdamo injection (20 ml, Intravenous drip) + Liuwei Dihuang Decoction | – |
| WM | 20 | 7/13 | 45–79 | 5/12/3 | Yinxingdamo injection (20 ml, Intravenous drip) | – | ||||
| ZSZ, 2011 [24] | 4 m | Clinical efficacy | Hypoglycemia, lipid regulation, hypotension | WM + TCM | 20 (38) | 18/22 | 49.35 | - | CD (500 mg, tid) + TangWangLing (0.5 agents, bid) | – |
| WM | 20 (40) | CD 500 mg, tid | – | |||||||
| YYK, 2016 [28] | 3 m | Blood sugar, vision, fundus hemorrhage, exudation, microangioma | Hypoglycemia, lipid regulation, hypotension | WM + TCM | 40 | 22/18 | 59.85 ± 11.00 | 15/28/11 | CD (0.5 g, tid) + Panax Notoginseng Powder (2 g, tid) | - |
| WM | 40 | 19/21 | 63.83 ± 9.44 | 12/30/8 | CD (0.5 g, tid) | – | ||||
| WZZ, 2017 [32] | 3 m | Average visual field sensitivity, related cytokines, efficacy, safety indicators | Scientific Dietary Exercise | WM + TCM | 47 (47) | 26/21 | 54.3 ± 4.9 | 14/18/15 | CD (0.5 g, tid) + Qiming Granule (4.5 g, tid) | NA |
| WM | 47 (47) | 29/18 | 54.5 ± 4.8 | 14/18/15 | CD (0.5 g, tid) | – | ||||
| MJP, 2018 [33] | 5 m | Clinical efficacy, blood sugar, inflammatory factors | Symptomatic treatment | WM + TCM | 27 (34) | 16/11 | 53.02 ± 4.13 | 9/10/8 | CD (3 pills, tid) + Compound Xueshuantong capsule (3 pills, tid) | – |
| WM | 27 (34) | 15/12 | 53.08 ± 4.25 | 10/9/8 | CD (3 pills, tid) | – |
Intervention duration, m: month, w: week; gender M/F, M: male, F: female