Table II.
Strategies for TAM-targeted antitumor therapy.
| A, Blocking TAMs infiltration to the TME | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| First author, year | Potential agents | Mechanism of action | (Refs.) |
| Pathria et al, 2019 | PF-04136309, MLN1202, CCX872-B and BMS-813160 | CCR-2 inhibitors targeting CCL-2/CCR-2 axis | (79) |
| B, Depleting M2-like TAMs in the TME | |||
| First author, year | Potential agents | Mechanism of action | (Refs.) |
| Lee et al, 2019 | The hybrid peptide of MEL-dKLA | Inducing CD206+ M2-like TAMs apoptosis | (83) |
| Opperman et al, 2019 | Liposomes with encapsulation of clodronate | Decreases levels of macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor 1 | (92) |
| Zhang et al, 2019 | Nanocarriers with a nanobody specific for CD206 | Anti-CD206 nanobodies inhibit angiogenesis | (93) |
| Zhang et al, 2019 | In vitro-transcribed mRNA | Switching M1-like reprogramming | (93) |
| C, Reprogramming TAMs from M2-like to M1-like TAMs | |||
| First author, year | Potential agents | Mechanism of action | (Refs.) |
| Wanderley et al, 2018 | Paclitaxel (Taxol) | TLR4-dependent manner | (85) |
| Andersen et al, 2019 | CD163-targeted corosolic acid-containing liposomes | Specific inhibition of STAT3 | (84) |
| Tan et al, 2015 | Baicalin | Autophagy-associated activation of RelB/p52 | (87) |
| Locatelli et al, 2019 | RP6530 | PI3K δ/γ-dependent pathway | (86) |
| Buhtoiarov et al, 2011 | Cyclophosphamide | Up-regulating the levels of the M1-associated molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC class II, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12) and down-regulating the levels of the M2-associated molecules (IL-4Rα, B7-H1, IL-4, IL-10). | (94) |
| Di Caro et al, 2016 | Gemcitabine | Improving the expression of the M1 markers HLA-DR, CD40, CCR7, decreasing the expression of M2 markers CD163 and CD206 | (95) |
| D, TAM-mediated delivery of therapeutic systems | |||
| First author, year | Potential agents | Mechanism of action | (Refs.) |
| Choi et al, 2012 | Liposomal-Dox delivered by macrophages | (91) | |
TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; TME, tumor microenvironment; CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand; CCR, C-C motif chemokine Receptor; MEL, melittin; dKLA, pro-apoptotic peptide d; TLR, Toll-like receptor; PI3Kγ, phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ; IL, interleukin; HLA-DR, human leucocyte antigens-DR isotype; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; RELB proto-oncogene, NF-κB subunit; B7-H1, B7 homolog 1 or CD274; IFN, interferon; MHC, major histocompatibility complex.