Figure 4.

AMPK regulated SIRT1 and HMGB1 in RECs. RECs were grown in normal glucose (NG) or high glucose (HG), and cells in each condition were treated with an Epac1 agonist (8-cpt-cAMP), with AMPK siRNA and the Epac1 agonist, or with a scrambled siRNA (scsiRNA). (A) Results of western blotting comparing phosphorylated AMPK to total AMPK as a control for siRNA knockdown. (B) SIRT1 levels. (C) HMGB1 levels. ^*P < 0.05 versus NG; ^#P < 0.05 versus HG; ^$P < 0.05 versus 8-cpt-cAMP. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 7).