Table 3.

Health-Related Quality of Life Assessed by the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (n=71)

Subtest		Pre-Implantation			Post-Implantation
		Mean	SD	p	Mean	SD	p
Total	MA	46.02	15.32	0.5	65.33	13.63	0.69
	OA	50.55	16.43		66.42	15.26
Physical	MA	48.88	18.53	0.13	68.87	13.32	0.31
	OA	56.58	17.26		71.93	15.44
Social	MA	43.05	17.97	0.44	61.42	18.67	0.93
	OA	42.19	19.56		60.97	19.73
Basic sound perception	MA	41.21	20.55	0.047 *	68.93	15.95	0.41
	OA	52.98	21.92		71.39	17.81
Advanced sound perception	MA	39.99	22.59	0.19	62.54	18.77	0.66
	OA	47.7	22.58		64.44	20.18
Speech production	MA	65.44	21.64	0.69	75.13	16.64	0.18
	OA	67.73	16.41		79.94	14.00
Self-esteem	MA	43.36	16.25	0.5	62.53	16.95	0.41
	OA	47.19	17.62		60.77	14.48
Activity limitations	MA	42.13	18.78	0.91	60.49	19.29	0.9
	OA	42.99	20.59		60.03	20.68
Social interactions	MA	43.98	18.92	0.29	62.34	19.64	0.95
	OA	41.3	19.93		61.91	20.75

Notes: MA indicates middle-aged participants aged between 50 and 64 years and OA includes an age of ≥65 years. *Means significant (p<0.05).