Table 4.

Pre- and Post-operative Neurocognitive Performance According to Age (n=71)

		Pre-Implantation				Post-Implantation
Subtest	Age Group	Mean	SD	p	Effect Size	Mean	SD	p	Effect Size
M3	MA	930.50	343.32	0.11	0.31	806.1	370.49	0.06	0.57
	OA	1083.78	577.22			908.78	324.54
Recall	MA	529.00	190.19	0.91	0.01	429.66	197.78	0.12	0.08
	OA	526.09	203.05			489.02	204.98
Delayed Recall	MA	667.66	166.85	0.37	0.13	558.00	232.23	0.08	0.20
	OA	692.92	207.07			646.82	225.18
0-back	MA	342.30	106.56	0.79	0.22	314.16	37.10	0.12	0.18
	OA	324.53	57.37			337.07	61.56
2-back	MA	899.16	1251.88	1.0	0.27	613.33	255.71	0.48	0.13
	OA	675.17	272.30			726.62	914.79
cFlanker	MA	363.93	64.03	0.08	0.39	363.60	105.98	0.07	0.41
	OA	460.53	323.85			399.10	104.02
iFlanker	MA	503.73	185.09	0.004 *	0.39	545.90	493.52	0.01 *	0.23
	OA	940.75	1456.07			527.20	143.71
OSPAN	MA	545.43	239.14	0.04 *	0.53	487.13	223.40	0.08	0.39
	OA	694.63	312.45			584.51	240.42
TMT A	MA	686.44	291.98	0.003 *	0.61	781.89	437.82	0.16	0.65
	OA	1183.51	1037.81			936.73	631.52
TMT B	MA	1126.55	621.17	0.01 *	0.56	1284.48	776.31	0.15	0.59
	OA	1541.92	810.14			1521.07	967.16
Verbal fluency	MA	810.33	61.48	0.75	0.13	750.83	122.35	0.89	0.02
	OA	799.87	88.54			750.73	109.93

Notes: MA indicates middle-aged participants aged between 50 and 64 years and OA includes an age of ≥65 years. *Means significant (p<0.05).