Table 5.

Impact of Pre-operative Depressive Symptoms on Pre- and Post-operative Cognitive Performance, Quality of Life and Speech Perception According to Age

	Pre-operative Performance				Post-operative Performance
	MA		OA		MA		OA
	τ	p	τ	p	τ	p	τ	p
Cognitive subtests
M3	0.31	0.03 *	−0.23	0.07	0.22	0.14	−0.03	0.79
Recall	0.08	0.57	0.003	0.98	0.04	0.76	−0.02	0.84
Delayed Recall	0.18	0.22	−0.04	0.75	0.25	0.09	−0.03	0.78
0-back	0.31	0.03 *	−0.08	0.55	0.11	0.43	−0.14	0.28
2-back	0.49	0.001 *	0.11	0.4	0.22	0.13	0.12	0.36
cFlanker	0.34	0.02 *	−0.09	0.47	0.15	0.32	−0.01	0.97
iFlanker	0.30	0.03 *	0.01	0.94	0.34	0.02 *	0.03	0.78
OSPAN	0.37	0.01 *	0.17	0.17	0.32	0.03 *	0.05	0.67
TMT A	0.39	0.01 *	0.23	0.07	0.32	0.03 *	0.29	0.02*
TMT B	0.32	0.03 *	0.13	0.32	0.17	0.25	0.18	0.15
Verbal fluency	0.01	0.96	−0.07	0.56	−0.03	0.83	0.14	0.27
Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire
Total score	−0.56	0.0002 *	−0.29	0.02 *	−0.09	0.52	−0.21	0.11
Physical	−0.61	0.00005 *	−0.31	0.01 *	−0.15	0.32	−0.26	0.047 *
Social	−0.28	0.06	−0.32	0.01 *	0.07	0.64	−0.16	0.2
Basic sound perception	−0.54	0.0003 *	−0.32	0.01 *	−0.04	0.8	−0.22	0.09
Advanced sound perception	−0.53	0.0004 *	−0.18	0.16	−0.18	0.24	−0.21	0.1
Speech production	−0.34	0.02 *	−0.1	0.44	−0.08	0.57	−0.14	0.26
Self-esteem	−0.49	0.001 *	−0.13	0.3	−0.15	0.31	−0.05	0.67
Activity limitations	−0.21	0.17	−0.34	0.01 *	−0.02	0.91	−0.16	0.21
Speech perception in quiet	-0.13	0.38	0.10	0.44	0.01	0.98	0.23	0.09

Notes: MA indicates middle-aged participants aged between 50 and 64 years and OA includes an age of ≥65 years. *Means significant (p<0.05).