Fig. 1.

Combination of TNFα and IL-17 increases pH of airway surface liquid (pH_ASL). Primary cultures of differentiated human airway epithelia were treated with TNFα (10 ng/mL), IL-17 (20 ng/mL), or both for the indicated times, and pH_ASL was measured using SNARF-1-dextran. A: ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$/CO₂-containing Krebs-Ringer (n = 6). B: TNFα alone in ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$/CO₂-containing Krebs-Ringer for indicated times (n = 6). C: TNFα and IL-17 in ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$/CO₂-containing Ringers for indicated times (n = 5). D: ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$/CO₂-free Krebs HEPES buffer (n = 6). Each data point represents epithelium from a different donor. Light and dark gray circles represent control and cytokine-treated epithelia, respectively. Bars indicate means and SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.