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. 2020 Sep 9;3(1):21. doi: 10.5334/joc.120

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Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s)

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cognitive flexibility paradigm, adapted from (Armbruster et al., 2012). Participants perform a baseline task (i.e., judging whether the presented digit is odd or even) and respond with their left hand. In task switch trials, participants are asked to perform a different task (i.e., judging whether the presented digit is greater or lower than 5) and now need to respond with the right hand (highlighted in grey). Whether or not participants switch task when two digits are presented depends on the placement of the small dot on the centrally presented cue bar. In ambiguous trials, participants are not unambiguously cued as to whether they should switch or not. Behavior in these trials is used to estimate the rate of spontaneous switching. After a task switch, distractor or ambiguous trial, participants continue to perform the ongoing task.