Table 2.
Patient and procedural characteristics for the whole study population and for subgroups with and with no intraoperative adverse events
| All patients (n=2520) | Patients with no intraoperative adverse events (n=1910) | Patients with intraoperative adverse events (n=610) | Missing data (No (%)) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status | ||||
| ASA I | 503 (20) | 431 (23) | 72 (12) | — |
| ASA II | 1118 (44) | 852 (45) | 266 (44) | — |
| ASA III | 805 (32) | 565 (30) | 240 (39) | — |
| ASA IV | 92 (3.7) | 62 (3.3) | 30 (4.9) | — |
| ASA V | 2 (0.1) | — | 2 (0.3) | — |
| Age (median (IQR; range)) | ||||
| In adults (age ≥18; n=2340) | 61 (46-72; 18-97) | 60 (45-71; 18-97) | 64 (49-74; 18-93) | — |
| In children (age <18; n=180) | 9 (5-14; 0-17) | 9 (5-14; 0-17) | 8 (3-13; 0-16) | — |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1382 (55) | 1038 (54) | 344 (56) | — |
| Female | 1138 (45) | 872 (46) | 266 (44) | — |
| Body mass index in adults (median (IQR); n=2340) | 26 (23-30) | 26 (23-30) | 26 (23-30) | 14 (1) |
| Weight in children (kg; median (IQR, range); n=180) | 32 (19-53; 4-137) | 33 (19-54; 4-137) | 26 (17-37; 7.9-85) | — |
| Surgical discipline | ||||
| Gastrointestinal surgery | 1437 (57) | 1085 (57) | 352 (58) | — |
| Orthopaedic surgery and traumatology | 297 (12) | 260 (14) | 37 (6.1) | — |
| Vascular surgery | 169 (6.7) | 121 (6.3) | 48 (7.9) | — |
| Urology | 134 (5.3) | 109 (5.7) | 25 (4.1) | — |
| Ear, nose, throat, and maxillofacial surgery | 122 (4.8) | 99 (5.2) | 23 (3.8) | — |
| Neurosurgery and spine surgery | 96 (3.8) | 53 (2.8) | 43 (7.1) | — |
| Cardiac surgery | 73 (2.9) | 41 (2.2) | 32 (5.3) | — |
| Paediatric surgery | 54 (2.1) | 48 (2.5) | 6 (1.0) | — |
| Gynaecology | 46 (1.8) | 29 (1.5) | 17 (2.8) | — |
| Obstetrics | 44 (1.8) | 31 (1.6) | 13 (2.1) | — |
| Reconstructive and hand surgery | 26 (1.0) | 21 (1.1) | 5 (0.8) | — |
| Thoracic surgery | 22 (0.9) | 13 (0.7) | 9 (1.5) | — |
| Urgency of the procedure | ||||
| Planned | 2153 (85) | 1627 (85) | 526 (86) | — |
| Emergency | 367 (15) | 283 (15) | 84 (14) | — |
| Complexity of surgical procedure (original) | ||||
| Minor | 105 (4.2) | 94 (4.9) | 11 (1.8) | 98 (4) |
| Intermediate | 437 (17) | 383 (20) | 54 (8.9) | |
| Major | 790 (31) | 613 (32) | 177 (29) | |
| Major plus | 442 (18) | 323 (17) | 119 (20) | |
| Complex major operation | 648 (26) | 431 (23) | 217 (36) | |
| Additional procedure | 406 (16) | 266 (14) | 140 (23) | |
| Wound class | ||||
| Clean | 1341 (53) | 1033 (54) | 308 (50) | — |
| Clean contaminated | 1001 (40) | 746 (39) | 255 (42) | — |
| Contaminated | 147 (5.8) | 103 (5.4) | 44 (7.2) | — |
| Dirty | 31 (1.2) | 28 (1.5) | 3 (0.5) | — |
| Operating surgeon | ||||
| Senior consultant | 1662 (66) | 1239 (65) | 423 (69) | — |
| Junior consultant | 544 (22) | 427 (22) | 117 (19) | — |
| Resident | 314 (12) | 244 (13) | 70 (11) | — |
| Assisting surgeon | 2371 (94) | 1781 (93) | 590 (97) | — |
| Senior consultant | 555/2371 (23) | 385/1781 (22) | 170/590 (29) | — |
| Junior consultant | 578/2371 (24) | 432/1781 (24) | 146/590 (25) | — |
| Resident | 1238/2371 (52) | 964/1781 (54) | 274/590 (46) | — |
| Anaesthesia consultant present | 2311 (92) | 1746 (91) | 565 (93) | — |
| Senior consultant | 1481/2311 (64) | 1112/1746 (64) | 369/565 (65) | — |
| Junior consultant | 830/2311 (36) | 634/1746 (36) | 196/565 (35) | — |
| Anaesthesia resident present | 1443 (57) | 1017 (53) | 426 (70) | 1 (0.0) |
| Anaesthesia nurse present | 1866 (74) | 1405 (74) | 461 (76) | 2 (0.1) |
| Proportion who graduated | 1699 (91) | 1268 (90) | 431 (93) | 3 (0.2) |
| Anaesthesia technique | ||||
| General anaesthesia | 2035 (81) | 1558 (82) | 477 (78) | — |
| Regional anaesthesia | 198 (7.9) | 158 (8.3) | 40 (6.6) | — |
| Combined techniques | 265 (11) | 176 (9.2) | 89 (15) | — |
| Monitored anaesthesia care | 22 (0.9) | 18 (0.9) | 4 (0.7) | — |
Data are number (%) unless indicated otherwise. IQR=interquartile range.