Table 13.
Summary of shaping processes; (a) non-pressurized processes without binders (granulation, monoliths), (b) pressurized processes without binders (pellets, tablets), (c) pressurized processes with binders.
| a. Non-pressurized processes without binders | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Process type | MOF | Ratio of MOF/Binder | Forming Pressure | Shape | Ref | |
| High-internal-phase emulsion (HIPE) & freeze drying | HKUST-1 | < 3.0 wt% | – | Monolith | [169] | |
| Sol-gel | ZIF-8HT | 100 wt% | – | Monolith | [171] | |
| Sol-gel | ZIF-8LT | 100 wt% | – | Monolith | [171] | |
| Sol-gel | ZIF-8LT-HT | 100 wt% | – | Monolith | [171] | |
| Sol-gel | ZIF-8ER | 100 wt% | – | Monolith | [171] | |
| Oil-drop granulation | UiO66 | 100 wt% | – | Granules (sphere) | [172] | |
| Xero gel | UiO-66 | 70% | – | Monolith | [172] | |
| b. Pressurized processes with binders | ||||||
| Process type | MOF | Ratio of MOF/Binder | Forming Pressure | shape | Ref | |
| Extrusion-crushing-sieving (ECS) | ZIF-8 | – | 65 MPa | Pellet | [157] | |
| Pressing | MOF-5 | – | – | Pellet | [166] | |
| Mechanical pressure | CPO-27-Ni | – | 0.1–1 GPa | Tablet | [167] | |
| Pressing | CuBTC (Basolite™ C300) | – | 3.7, 7.4, 29.6, 59.2 kN m-2 | Tablet | [168] | |
| Pressing | MIL-53(Al) | – | 3.7, 7.4, 29.6, 59.2 kN m-2 | Tablet | [168] | |
| Mechanical pressure | SIM-1 | – | 0.5, 1, 5 kN | Pellet | [173] | |
| Mechanical pressure | HKUST-1 | – | 0.3, 1, 5 kN | Pellet | [173] | |
| Mechanical pressure | ZIF-8 | – | – | Pellet | [173] | |
| c. Pressurized processes with binders | ||||||
| Process type | MOF | Binder | Ratio of MOF/Binder | Forming Pressure | Shape | Ref |
| Granulation | MiL-100(Fe) | graphite | 97 wt% | 5000 psi (34 Mpa) | pellet | [161] |
| Granulation | MiL-101(Cr) | graphite | 97 wt% | 5000 psi (34 Mpa) | pellet | [161] |
| Granulation | UiO-66 | graphite | 97 wt% | 5000 psi (34 Mpa) | pellet | [161] |
| Granulation | UiO66-NH2 | graphite | 97 wt% | 5000 psi (34 Mpa) | pellet | [161] |
| Compression punching machine | ZIF-8 | 5 wt% methocel (K15M) | 95 wt% | – | pellet | [173] |
| Single screw extruder | MOF-801 | 5 wt% PVB | 95 wt% | 146, 292, 438, 584 Mpa | pellet | [174] |
| Single screw extruder | MOF-801 | 5 wt% PVA | 95 wt% | 146, 292, 438, 584 Mpa | pellet | [174] |
| Single screw extruder | MOF-801 | 5 wt% sucrose | 95 wt% | 146, 292, 438, 584 Mpa | pellet | [174] |
| Thermally induced phase separation-hot pressing (TIPS-HoP) | NH2-UiO-66 | polyethylene (PE) | 86 wt% | – | Film | [175] |
| Thermally induced phase separation-hot pressing (TIPS-HoP) | MIL-100(Cr) | polyethylene (PE) | 86 wt% | – | Film | [175] |