Table 15.
Summary of dispersion processes.
| Dispersion agent | Method | Solvent | MOF | MOF/dispersion agent Ratio | Dispersion process time | Criteria | Durable time | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes | Sonicated | Toluene | UiO-66 | 0 to 30% | 1 h | Tyndall effect/DLS | 3 d | [177] |
| Modified PEG* | Sonication | Water | COF-1 | – | – | DLS | 2 d | [178] |
| SR-610 | Tip-sonication | – | Cu-BTC | 10 wt% | 30 min | – | several hours | [179] |
| SR-339 | 67 wt% | 30 min | – | several hours | [179] | |||
| n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside (DDM) | – | 50 mM 2-methylimidazole | ZIF-8 | – | 45–60 min | DLS | – | [180] |
| Caster Oil ** | Oil-in-water | Water | POZIF-8 | 3% | 2 h | Extraction | 120 d | [181] |
| PEGMA*** | – | Water | NH2-UiO-66 | 36.2, 50.2, 62.5, 73.0 wt% | – | DLS | – | [182] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone | ZiF-67 | 67% | – | – | – | [183] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone(MOF)/DMF (PVDF) | MiL-101(Fe) | 67% | 30 min | – | – | [184] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone(MOF)/DMF (PVDF) | MiL-101(Cr) | 67% | 30 min | – | – | [184] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone(MOF)/DMF (PVDF) | MiL-53(Fe) | 67% | 30 min | – | – | [184] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone(MOF)/DMF (PVDF) | UiO-66 | 67% | 30 min | – | – | [184] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone(MOF)/DMF (PVDF) | UiO66-NH2 | 67% | 30 min | – | – | [184] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone(MOF)/DMF (PVDF) | HKUST-1 | 67% | 30 min | – | – | [184] |
| PVDF (7.5 wt% in DMF) | Ultrasonic bath | Acetone(MOF)/DMF (PVDF) | ZiF-8 | 67% | 30 min | – | – | [184] |
| – | Ultrasonic bath | EtOH | 2D [Co(CNS)2(pyz)2]n | – | 30 min | Tyndall effect | 1 week | [185] |
| – | Sonication | EtOH | Cd-TP | – | 30 min | Tyndall light scattering | – | [186] |
| – | Sonication | EtOH | Zn-TA | – | 30 min | Tyndall light scattering | – | [186] |
| – | Stirring | MeOH | CCR-3 | – | 1 h | – | – | [187] |
| Paraffinic ligand | – | Hexane | MOP | – | – | – | – | [188] |
| – | 2D nano sheet | Water | PCN-134 | – | – | Tyndall effect | – | [189] |
*Polyethylene-glycol-modified monofunctional curcumin derivatives, **Caster Oil =(industrial grade: density @ 20 °C = 0.951 g/ cm3, viscosity @ 20 °C = 970–1100 cP, iodine value = 86.3 g iodine/100 g oil), ***Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate.