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Scheme represents the effect of oleic acid and EPA/DHA on Caco-2 cell growth and apoptosis. Oleic acid is mitogenic probably through LOX pathway metabolite synthesis whereas EPA/DHA present a dual effect on Caco-2 cell proliferation. Low EPA concentrations (up to 10 µM) induce Caco-2 cell growth as consequence, at least in part, of PGE3 and 12-HEPE release whereas high EPA concentrations inhibit Caco-2 cell growth and induce apoptosis through binding to PPARγ.
