Table 2.

Effect of eicosanoids (PGE₃ and 12-S-HEPE) and 10-HODE on cell signaling.

O.D. (450 nm)
Pathway	Control	PGE2	PGE3	12-S-HEPE	10-HODE
AKT1	0.18 ± 0.04	0.25 ± 0.04	0.23 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.03
AKT2	0.17 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.02
P38α	0.42 ± 0.04	0.92 ± 0.04*	0.99 ± 0.05*	0.85 ± 0.03*	0.83 ± 0.04*
GSKβ	0.19 ± 0.03	0.56 ± 0.08*	0.52 ± 0.07*	0.48 ± 0.04*	0.50 ± 0.06*
CREB	0.21 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.11*	0.85 ± 0.12*	0.76 ± 0.13*	0.69 ± 0.10*
ERK 1/2	0.37 ± 0.03	1.06 ± 0.12*	0.99 ± 0.11*	0.95 ± 0.14*	0.89 ± 0.13*

Caco-2 cells were incubated with PGE₂ or PGE₃ (10 nM), 12-S-HEPE (100 nM), or 10-HODE (100 nM) for 5 or 15 min, cells were then collected and finally phosphorylated AKT1, AKT2, p38α, GSKβ, CREB, and ERK 1/2 were measured as described in the Material and Methods section and expressed as optical density (450 nm). Data are expressed as means ± SEM of two to four experiments performed in triplicate. ^*P < 0.05 vs. Caco-2 cell cultures in the absence of FBS.