Table 2. Surgical outcome or wound bacteriology in eight envenomed patients.

Case number	Body part bitten	Clinical manifestations	Intravenous antibiotic administered before surgery	Type of surgery	Time after bite to surgery in days	Hospital stay in days	Outcome	Bacterial culture
Case 1	Finger	Swelling and pain, ecchymosis, lymphadenitis/lymphangitis, bullae/blister, fever, wound necrosis, wound infection	Cefazolin and metronidazole	Debridement < 5 cm	7	11.9	Recovery	Wound swab and blood culture: both negative
Case 2	Finger	Swelling and pain, wound necrosis, wound infection	Ceftriaxone and clindamycin	Debridement < 5 cm	7	10	Recovery	Wound swab after debridement: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Case 3	Finger	Swelling and pain, ecchymosis, bullae/blister, wound necrosis, wound infection	Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid	Debridement 5-10 cm	11	7.6	Recovery	Wound swab after debridement: Enterobacter cloacae
Case 4	Finger	Swelling and pain, bullae/blister, wound necrosis, wound infection	Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid	Debridement < 5 cm Debridement < 5 cm Debridement < 5 cm Full-thickness skin graft	3 13 21 24	5.9	Recovery	Wound swab after first debridement: Morganella morganii
Case 5	Finger	Swelling and pain, ecchymosis, bullae/blister, local numbness, wound necrosis, wound infection	Oxacillin	Debridement < 5 cm	6	8.8	Recovery	Bullae fluid: Staphyloccocus hominis
Case 6	Forearm	Swelling and pain, ecchymosis, local numbness, suspected ACSa	Cefazolin and gentamicin	Fasciotomy Debridement > 10 cm and split-thickness skin graft Revision of scar	0.33 5 59	11.8	Recovery	Not performed
Case 7	Finger	Swelling and pain, wound infection	No antibiotic	Not performed	-	8.1	Recovery	Joint fluid: Citrobacter freundii
Case 8	Finger	Swelling and pain, local numbness, lymphadenitis/lymphangitis, bullae/blister, wound necrosis, wound infection	Cefazolin and metronidazole	Not performed	-	3	Recovery	Wound swab: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae; Veillonella sp. (anaerobic)

^aAcute compartment syndrome.