Table 3. Management of 182 Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri envenomed patients.
| Wound necrosis (n = 13) |
No wound necrosis (n = 169) |
Total cases (n = 182) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific antivenom administration | ||||
| Antivenom skin test, n (%) | ||||
| • Negative | 13 | 146 | 159 (87.4) | |
| • Positive | 0 | 18 | 18 (9.9) | |
| • Not performed | 0 | 5 | 5 (2.7) | |
| Allergy to antivenom, n (%) | ||||
| • Anaphylaxis | 1 | 2 | 3 (1.6) | |
| • Skin rash | 0 | 7 | 7 (3.8) | |
| • Serum sickness | 1 | 9 | 10 (5.5) | |
| Time after bite to first antivenom dose, (h) | 0.137 | |||
| • < 6 h (n, %) | 11 | 158 | 169 (92.9) | |
| • 6-12 h | 0 | 6 | 6 (3.3) | |
| • > 12 h | 2 | 5 | 7 (3.8) | |
| • Median in h, IQR | 2.3 (0.8-28.4) | 1.8 (1.3-3.3) | 1.8 (1.2-3.3) | 0.952 |
| Total antivenom dose in vials, median (IQR) | 4 (2.5-9) | 5 (2-8) | 5 (2-8) | 0.996 |
| Operation case, n (%) | 5 | 1 (fasciotomy) | 6 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
| • Time after bite to first surgery, median (IQR) | 7 (4.5-9) | 0.33 | ||
| • Time after bite to last surgery, median (IQR) | 24; n = 1b | 59 | ||
| • Debridement | 5 | 1 | 6 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
| • Fasciotomy | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.5) | |
| • STSG/FTSGa | 1 | 1 | 2 (1.1) | |
| • Scar revision | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.5) | |
| Hospital stay in days, median (IQR) | 5.9 (3.1-9.4) | 2.2 (1.3-3.8) | 2.4 (1.4-4) | 0.002 |
| • Unoperated case | 3.1 (2.1-6) | 2.2 (1.3-3.8) | 2.2 (1.3-3.8) | |
| • Operated case | 8.8 (6.8-11) | 11.8 | 9.4 (7.2-11.8) | |
| Outpatient follow-up case, n (%) | 5 | 71 | 76 (41.8) | 0.802 |
| • Follow-up in days, median (IQR) | 13.5 (7.8-16.8) | 8 (5-12) | 8.5 (5-14.3) | 0.088 |
a
Split-thickness skin graft and full-thickness skin graft. bA single case received four operations on days 3, 13, 21 (debridement), and 24 (FTSG) post-bite.