Table 7.

Anti-virus activity of isoflavones

Isoflavone	Virus	Mechanism of action	Dose/concentration	References
Genistein	Avian leucosis virus	Inhibits the late phase of ALV-J replicative cycle	12.5–100 μM	Qian et al. [77]
	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)	Activation of adaptive immune system pathways		Smith et al. [78]
Genistein	African swine fever virus	Disrupts viral DNA replication, blocking the transcription of late viral genes as well as the synthesis of late viral proteins, reducing viral progeny	IC50 = 13 μM,	Arabyan et al. [79]
Genistein	rotavirus	Inhibits rotavirus replication and upregulates AQP4 expression	80 μM	Huang et al. [80]
Genistein	Herpes simplex virus	Inhibits virus replication	40 μM	Argenta et al. [81]
KIN 101	hepatitis C virus (HCV) and influenza virus	Activates the ISG54 promoter mediated nuclear translocation of IRF-3	IC50 = 0.2 μM	Bedard et al. [82]
Deguelin	Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)	Suppresses the production of the infectious virus; inhibits the lytic cycle	250 nM	Nukui et al. [83]
	HIV-1	Inhibits HIV-1 entry into cell lines, primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes, and macrophages	IC50 = 81.6 ± 4.3 μM	Mediouni et al. [84]
Daidzein	Dengue virus type-2	Inhibits virus replication	IC50 = 142.6 μg/mL	Zandi et al. [43]