Table 8.

Anti-virus activity of catechin/EGCG

Catechin	Virus	Mechanism of action	Dose/concentration	References
EGCG	HBV	Detrimental to HBV replication by altering lysosomal acidification	25–50 μM	Zhong et al. [85]
EC, ECG, EGC and EGCG	HSV-1/HSV-2	Destructive HSV-1 virions;competitively interacted with virion surface proteins	HSV1:IC99 (IC50: 18.3–72.3 μM) HSV2:IC99 (IC50: 12.5–25 μM)	Isaacs et al. [86] Colpitts et al. [87]
EGCG	EBV	Suppressed the synthesis of lytic protein; inhibited the lytic infection; reducing the DNA binding potency of nuclear antigen; inhibition of the MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathways	IC50: 250 μM	Weber et al. [88] Liu et al. [89]
EGCG	Adenovirus	Inhibited the attachment of adenovirus by interacting with virion surface proteins	IC50:20 µM	Liu et al. [90]
EGCG, EC ECG	HIV1/HIV2	Inhibitory action against HIVRT; competitive inhibitors of the template-primer; noncompetitive inhibitors of Dttp; inhibits HIV entry	EGCG:300 mg/kg/day; IC50:3.44 ± 1.07 µM GCG:2.45 ± 0.36 µM	Yamaguchi et al. [91] Hartjen et al. [92] Rrapo et al. [93]
EGCG	HCV	Inhibitor of the HCV entry and viral RNA replication	IC50: 17.9 μM	Chen et al. [94]
EGCG, EC ECG	Influenza A/B	Inhibitory effects on the acidification of endosomes and lysosomes;	EC: > 145.09 μg/mL EGC: 30.49 μg/mL EGCG: 56.49 μg/mL	Imanishi [95] Yang et al [96]
EGCG	DENV, JEV and TBEV	Associated with the DENV2 E protein; destruction of the structure of ZIKV virions	> 100 μM	Carneiro et al. [97]
EGCG	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus-1	Reduce the invasive potential of HTLV-1-positive leukemia cells; suppressing Tax expression; inhibiting the activation of NF-kB pathway and induction of MMP-9 transcription in HTLV-1 positive cells	25 μM in HuT-102	Harakeh et al. [98]
EGCG GCC	Rotaviruses enteroviruses	Interfering with virus adsorption; reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation	GCG: 10 μM EGCG:10 μM	Ho et al. [99]
EGCG	Ebola virus (EBOV)	Reduced the production of new viruses via inhibiting HSPS5	10–100 μM	Reid et al. [100]