TABLE 1.
Volumetric changes in % of brain structures average volumes (at age 65) with 95% confidence intervals.
| Regions | Slope | Slope × Entry-Age | Loss 20 years | Random Slope SD | Random Slope P value | Sex P value |
| Caudal Middle Frontal | −0.556 (−0.398, −0.707) | −0.010 (0.013, −0.034) | −12.726 (−10.593, −14.891) | 0.125 (0.008, 0.356) | 0.563 | 0.074 |
| Frontal Pole | −0.663 (−0.443, −0.871) | −0.010 (0.022, −0.044) | −14.831 (−11.681, −18.038) | 0.458 (0.197, 0.656) | 0.076 | 0.479 |
| Lateral Orbitofrontal | −0.385 (−0.260, −0.508) | −0.011 (0.008, −0.031) | −9.546 (−7.719, −11.354) | 0.108 (0.003, 0.288) | 0.887 | 0.125 |
| Medial Orbitofrontal | −0.363 (−0.178, −0.559) | −0.015 (0.012, −0.042) | −9.726 (−7.288, −12.093) | 0.162 (0.007, 0.427) | 0.937 | 0.371 |
| Para-Central | −0.533 (−0.376, −0.686) | −0.002 (0.019, −0.025) | −11.065 (−8.933, −13.215) | 0.173 (0.005, 0.360) | 0.912 | 0.044 |
| Pars Opercularis | −0.626 (−0.503, −0.751) | −0.005 (0.013, −0.024) | −13.394 (−11.692, −15.086) | 0.154 (0.024, 0.303) | 0.347 | 0.026 |
| Pars Orbitalis | −0.737 (−0.597, −0.873) | 0.002 (0.023, −0.020) | −14.437 (−12.487, −16.419) | 0.001 (0.000, 0.291) | 1.000 | 0.367 |
| Pars Triangularis | −0.682 (−0.546, −0.812) | 0.005 (0.026, −0.016) | −12.808 (−10.902, −14.795) | 0.212 (0.085, 0.354) | 0.003 | 0.168 |
| Pre-Central | −0.631 (−0.486, −0.770) | −0.005 (0.016, −0.027) | −13.446 (−11.422, −15.498) | 0.214 (0.013, 0.373) | 0.359 | 0.051 |
| Rostral Middle Frontal | −0.533 (−0.378, −0.690) | −0.003 (0.019, −0.027) | −11.261 (−9.235, −13.200) | 0.043 (0.000, 0.109) | 0.633 | 0.024 |
| Superior Frontal | −0.548 (−0.401, −0.691) | −0.004 (0.017, −0.026) | −11.655 (−9.734, −13.585) | 0.178 (0.012, 0.341) | 0.342 | 0.010 |
| Inferior Parietal | −0.677 (−0.563, −0.791) | −0.008 (0.008, −0.026) | −14.904 (−13.277, −16.545) | 0.190 (0.011, 0.312) | 0.487 | 0.113 |
| Post-Central | −0.627 (−0.502, −0.749) | −0.000 (0.017, −0.018) | −12.633 (−10.944, −14.291) | 0.194 (0.013, 0.338) | 0.560 | 0.630 |
| Pre-Cuneus | −0.641 (−0.533, −0.750) | −0.015 (0.002, −0.033) | −15.256 (−13.451, −17.065) | 0.186 (0.012, 0.323) | 0.548 | 0.015 |
| Superior Parietal | −0.592 (−0.457, −0.725) | −0.008 (0.010, −0.027) | −13.117 (−11.419, −14.860) | 0.072 (0.013, 0.299) | 0.203 | 0.010 |
| Supra Marginal | −0.577 (−0.463, −0.688) | −0.014 (0.002, −0.031) | −13.769 (−12.304, −15.320) | 0.209 (0.023, 0.303) | 0.143 | 0.015 |
| Banks Sup Temporal | −0.505 (−0.390, −0.621) | −0.020 (−0.001, −0.040) | −13.354 (−11.381, −15.374) | 0.223 (0.062, 0.341) | 0.110 | 0.019 |
| Entorhinal | −0.379 (−0.141, −0.629) | −0.062 (−0.027, −0.095) | −17.423 (−13.676, −21.288) | 0.782 (0.613, 0.965) | 3e-06 | 0.025 |
| Fusiform | −0.564 (−0.457, −0.674) | −0.029 (−0.012, −0.046) | −15.856 (−14.099, −17.708) | 0.210 (0.038, 0.328) | 0.188 | 0.206 |
| Inferior Temporal | −0.525 (−0.399, −0.647) | −0.022 (−0.003, −0.041) | −14.035 (−12.156, −15.990) | 0.267 (0.099, 0.388) | 0.105 | 0.062 |
| Middle Temporal | −0.536 (−0.420, −0.652) | −0.017 (−0.001, −0.035) | −13.515 (−11.896, −15.192) | 0.266 (0.168, 0.353) | 0.019 | 0.069 |
| Para-Hippocampal | −0.395 (−0.270, −0.522) | −0.036 (−0.015, −0.057) | −13.702 (−11.561, −15.930) | 0.341 (0.224, 0.445) | 0.004 | 0.033 |
| Superior Temporal | −0.660 (−0.535, −0.786) | −0.006 (0.011, −0.024) | −14.250 (−12.696, −15.852) | 0.224 (0.057, 0.341) | 0.172 | 0.021 |
| Temporal Pole | −0.545 (−0.357, −0.738) | −0.042 (−0.013, −0.073) | −17.623 (−14.605, −20.960) | 0.598 (0.475, 0.721) | 1e-08 | 0.300 |
| Transverse Temporal | −1.206 (−1.032, −1.376) | 0.013 (0.038, −0.013) | −22.089 (−19.577, −24.551) | 0.211 (0.024, 0.422) | 0.374 | 0.004 |
| Cuneus | −0.624 (−0.492, −0.758) | 0.011 (0.033, −0.012) | −10.844 (−8.562, −13.146) | 0.213 (0.028, 0.399) | 0.152 | 0.128 |
| Lateral Occipital | −0.743 (−0.616, −0.869) | 0.006 (0.026, −0.015) | −13.958 (−12.028, −15.979) | 0.257 (0.103, 0.361) | 0.068 | 0.433 |
| Lingual | −0.618 (−0.502, −0.736) | 0.006 (0.024, −0.012) | −11.457 (−9.581, −13.374) | 0.340 (0.245, 0.446) | 4e-04 | 0.101 |
| Peri-calcarine | −0.674 (−0.446, −0.899) | 0.032 (0.063, 0.003) | −8.330 (−5.440, −11.149) | 0.490 (0.277, 0.668) | 0.016 | 0.616 |
| Caudal Anterior Cingulate | −0.282 (−0.154, −0.407) | −0.012 (0.005, −0.030) | −7.575 (−5.864, −9.296) | 0.005 (0.004, 0.290) | 0.992 | 0.010 |
| Isthmus Cingulate | −0.437 (−0.309, −0.566) | −0.018 (0.005, −0.041) | −11.589 (−9.262, −13.941) | 0.328 (0.216, 0.432) | 0.002 | 0.026 |
| Posterior Cingulate | −0.544 (−0.415, −0.672) | −0.026 (−0.004, −0.047) | −15.013 (−12.996, −17.032) | 0.200 (0.018, 0.325) | 0.457 | 0.005 |
| Rostral Anterior Cingulate | −0.289 (−0.144, −0.439) | 0.001 (0.022, −0.022) | −5.709 (−3.663, −7.796) | 0.021 (0.001, 0.093) | 0.900 | 0.013 |
| Accumbens | −1.439 (−1.142, −1.750) | 0.007 (0.047, −0.034) | −27.643 (−23.398, −32.031) | 0.429 (0.105, 0.843) | 0.063 | 0.956 |
| Amygdala | −0.383 (−0.250, −0.517) | −0.024 (−0.003, −0.043) | −11.455 (−9.269, −13.621) | 0.481 (0.392, 0.578) | 6e-14 | 0.573 |
| Caudate | −0.585 (−0.450, −0.718) | 0.021 (0.044, −0.002) | −8.305 (−5.956, −10.606) | 0.463 (0.385, 0.555) | 3e-12 | 0.568 |
| Hippocampus | −0.784 (−0.666, −0.904) | −0.040 (−0.018, −0.061) | −21.999 (−19.656, −24.339) | 0.441 (0.366, 0.518) | 1e-13 | 0.286 |
| Insula | −0.499 (−0.374, −0.623) | −0.008 (0.011, −0.028) | −11.262 (−9.342, −13.373) | 0.307 (0.198, 0.423) | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Pallidum | 0.069 (0.161, −0.024) | −0.013 (0.003, −0.029) | −0.703 (0.991, −2.446) | 0.203 (0.065, 0.316) | 0.230 | 0.986 |
| Putamen | −0.639 (−0.529, −0.748) | 0.031 (0.046, 0.016) | −7.850 (−6.318, −9.386) | 0.326 (0.254, 0.405) | 1e-05 | 0.697 |
| Thalamus | −0.832 (−0.745, −0.920) | 0.008 (0.021, −0.006) | −15.409 (−14.043, −16.777) | 0.240 (0.170, 0.304) | 3e-04 | 0.385 |
| Ventral DC | −0.516 (−0.438, −0.593) | 0.006 (0.018, −0.006) | −9.409 (−8.180, −10.632) | 0.210 (0.146, 0.276) | 0.001 | 0.016 |
| Brain Stem | −0.411 (−0.362, −0.461) | −0.000 (0.007, −0.007) | −8.268 (−7.493, −9.028) | 0.112 (0.042, 0.164) | 0.075 | 0.607 |
| Cerebellum Cortex | −0.494 (−0.418, −0.572) | 0.000 (0.012, −0.011) | −9.818 (−8.654, −10.960) | 0.147 (0.027, 0.219) | 0.193 | 0.827 |
Slope = expected volumetric annual changes at age 65. Slope × Entry-Age = interaction slope with entry-age. Loss 20 years = expected volumetric loss over the span of 20 years (starting at age 65 with an updated slope every 4 years until age 85) extrapolated from the linear combination of the slope and the slope × entry-age interaction parameters. Random Slope P value = p-value comparing a random slope model to a random intercept model with a likelihood ratio test. Sex P value = p-value obtained with a likelihood ratio test comparing a model including a separate slope and a separate slope × entry-age interaction parameter for men and women to a model without separate parameters.