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. 2020 Sep 18;15(9):e0237676. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237676

Table 2. Adjusted Hazard ratio of developing dementia when taking a PPI compared to a control population using a retrospective cohort.

Hazard ratio 95% CI
PPI 0.67 0.65 to 0.69*
Adjusted for:
Age 1.06 1.05 to 1.06*
Smoker 0.89 0.85 to 0.92*
BMI 0.95 0.95 to 0.95*
Diabetes 1.18 1.14 to 1.22*
Cardiovascular disease 0.93 0.90 to 0.97*
Depression 1.19 1.16 to 1.23*
Head injury 1.50 1.43 to 1.56*
Vitamin-B12 Deficiency 1.37 1.21 to 1.56*
Anxiolytics 1.62 1.57 to 1.67*
Antidepressants 1.66 1.61 to 1.72*
Anticoagulants 0.87 0.84 to 0.89*
Antiplatelets 1.72 1.66 to 1.79*
Statins 0.86 0.85 to 0.94*
Hormone replacement therapy 0.89 0.85 to 0.94*
Vitamin-B12 Medication 1.41 1.34 to 1.48*
Anaemia Medication 1.10 1.06 to 1.13*
Antihypertensives 0.71 0.69 to 0.74*
Histamine Receptor-2 Medication 0.89 0.85 to 0.94*

*P < 0.05.

Gender, Anaemia and alcohol use were included in the model, but removed as did not reach statistical significance.