Table 4. Main features associated with overall and relapse-free survivals (all relapses), and cardiac relapses in cardiac sarcoidosis patients (univariate analysis).
| Overall survival | Relapse-free survival | Cardiac relapses† | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Deaths /patients | HR (95% CI) | P | Relapses/patients | HR (95% CI) | P | Relapses/patients | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| General features | ||||||||||
| Age at diagnosis (HR per 10 years) | - | 1.69 (1.13–2.52) | 0.010 | - | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 0.18 | - | 1.19 (0.99–1.44) | 0.062 | |
| Male gender | 5/92 | 0.47 (0.15–1.45) | 0.19 | 57/92 | 0.92 (0.62–1.36) | 0.67 | 36/92 | 0.95 (0.57–1.57) | 0.83 | |
| Ethnic Background | ||||||||||
| Caucasian | 8/78 | 1 | 45/78 | 1 | 52/102 | 1 | ||||
| African/Carib | 4/43 | 0.81 (0.24–2.68) | 0.72 | 36/43 | 1.78 (1.14–2.78) | 0.011 | 22/43 | 1.47 (0.84–2.59) | 0.18 | |
| North African | 1/34 | 0.26 (0.032–2.08) | 0.20 | 20/34 | 1.17 (0.69–1.99) | 0.55 | 12/34 | 1.01 (0.51–1.97) | 0.99 | |
| Smoking | 0/20 | - | 0.19‡ | 15/20 | 2.02 (1.16–3.51) | 0.013 | 8/20 | 1.23 (0.58–2.56) | 0.59 | |
| Hypertension | 2/8 | 4.79 (1.06–21.7) | 0.042 | 5/8 | 2.32 (0.93–5.77) | 0.071 | 4/8 | 2.33 (0.84–6.47) | 0.10 | |
| Extra-cardiac involvement | ||||||||||
| > 2 sites involved | 6/90 | 0.57 (0.19–1.70) | 0.31 | 57/90 | 0.89 (0.60–1.33) | 0.57 | 32/90 | 0.66 (0.40–1.37) | 0.44 | |
| General symptoms | 5/67 | 0.96 (0.31–2.94) | 0.94 | 42/67 | 1.01 (0.68–1.50) | 0.96 | 23/67 | 0.82 (0.49–1.37) | 0.44 | |
| CNS | 3/45 | 0.70 (0.19–2.56) | 0.59 | 31/45 | 1.43 (0.93–2.18) | 0.10 | 20/45 | 1.40 (0.82–2.38) | 0.22 | |
| Lung | 13/130 | 0.17‡ | 85/130 | 0.97 (0.53–1.78) | 0.93 | 55/130 | 1.65 (0.66–4.14) | 0.29 | ||
| Abnormal pulmonary test | 8/50 | 3.27 (1.07–10.0) | 0.038 | 34/50 | 1.20 (0.79–1.82) | 0.39 | 22/50 | 1.26 (0.75–2.13) | 0.38 | |
| Eye | 1/45 | 0.21 (0.027–1.61) | 0.13 | 29/45 | 1.07 (0.69–1.65) | 0.76 | 13/45 | 0.63 (0.34–1.16) | 0.14 | |
| Lymph nodes | 1/47 | 0.17 (0.022–1.30) | 0.088 | 29/47 | 0.91 (0.59–1.41) | 0.68 | 16/47 | 0.71 (0.40–1.25) | 0.24 | |
| Skin | 6/48 | 1.95 (0.66–5.81) | 0.23 | 26/48 | 0.61 (0.39–0.95) | 0.029 | 13/48 | 0.47 (0.25–0.87) | 0.016 | |
| Liver or spleen | 3/36 | 0.88 (0.24–3.22) | 0.85 | 28/36 | 1.41 (0.91–2.18) | 0.13 | 17/36 | 1.14 (0.65–1.99) | 0.64 | |
| Joints | 1/37 | 0.25 (0.033–1.95) | 0.19 | 21/37 | 0.68 (0.42–1.10) | 0.12 | 11/37 | 0.58 (0.30–1.11) | 0.10 | |
| Exocrine glands | 2/27 | 0.84 (0.19–3.80) | 0.84 | 18/27 | 0.86 (0.51–1.43) | 0.56 | 9/27 | 0.69 (0.34–1.39) | 0.30 | |
| ENT | 0/8 | - | 0.34‡ | 7/8 | 1.64 (0.76–3.55) | 0.21 | 2/8 | 0.47 (0.12–1.94) | 0.30 | |
| Kidney | 0/8 | - | 0.37‡ | 7/8 | 4.42 (2.01–9.69) | 0.0002 | 6/8 | 4.10 (1.76–9.58) | 0.001 | |
| Cardiac involvement | ||||||||||
| NYHA class | 2/10 | 2.80 (0.62–12.6) | 0.18 | 6/10 | 0.93 (0.40–2.12) | 0.86 | 4/10 | 1.11 (0.40–3.05) | 0.84 | |
| Left heart failure | 3/15 | 2.45 (0.67–8.99) | 0.18 | 11/15 | 1.66 (0.53–2.03) | 0.81 | 10/15 | 2.01 (1.02–3.95) | 0.044 | |
| Right heart failure | 1/3 | 3.29 (0.42–25.9) | 0.26 | 3/3 | 1.66 (0.53–5.26) | 0.39 | 3/3 | 3.29 (1.03–10.5) | 0.045 | |
| AV block | 5/27 | 3.62 (1.18–11.1) | 0.025 | 19/27 | 1.21 (0.72–2.01) | 0.47 | 16/27 | 2.12 (1.17–3.82) | 0.013 | |
| High degree AV block | 4/15 | 5.56 (1.70–18.2) | 0.005 | 13/15 | 1.80 (0.98–3.30) | 0.058 | 11/15 | 2.88 (1.45–5.72) | 0.003 | |
| Left bundle branch block | 3/10 | 5.13 (1.41–18.7) | 0.013 | 7/10 | 1.04 (0.48–2.24) | 0.92 | 5/10 | 1.37 (0.55–3.41) | 0.50 | |
| LVEF < 40% | 3/10 | 4.88 (1.26–18.9) | 0.022 | 9/15 | 0.87 (0.83–1.73) | 0.68 | 8/15 | 1.60 (0.75–3.42) | 0.22 | |
| Septal hypertrophy | 1/18 | 0.59 (0.08–4.51) | 0.61 | 12/18 | 1.00 (0.54–1.83) | 0.99 | 6/18 | 0.74 (0.32–1.71) | 0.48 | |
| Wall motion abnormalities | 4/20 | 2.51 (0.77–8.20) | 0.13 | 16/20 | 1.18 (0.69–2.01) | 0.54 | 13/20 | 1.91 (1.03–3.52) | 0.039 | |
| Delayed MRI hypersignal | 5/39 | 2.26 (0.25–20.4) | 0.003 | 26/39 | 1.53 (0.92–2.57) | 0.10 | 19/39 | 1.86 (0.98–3.52) | 0.056 | |
Carib, Caribbean; CNS, central nervous system; ENT, ear, nose, throat; NYHA, New York Heart Association; AV, atrio-ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ENT, Ear, nose and throat.
‡P-value of Log-Rank test; Estimation of hazards ratio using a Cox regression model was not performed due to the absence of event in one subgroup of interest.