Table 3. Effect of carnosine on the relative mRNA abundance of antioxidant genes in porcine myoblasts subjected to H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress.

Genes1		Carnosine (mM)3				SEM	Carn4	H2O25
	Ctr.2	0	10	25	50		P-value	P-value
CAT	1.10	0.78	0.82	1.06***	0.71	0.039	<0.001	<0.001
GPX1	1.10	0.85	0.99**	1.10***	0.90	0.050	<0.001	<0.001
GPX3	1.33	0.73	0.80	0.96***	0.69	0.067	<0.001	<0.001
GPX4	1.11	1.00	1.05	1.02	1.02	0.044	0.654	0.029
GSR	1.23	1.02	1.29*	1.18	1.18	0.086	0.113	0.077
NEF2L2	1.05	0.66	0.92*	0.90*	1.06***	0.084	0.003	<0.001
PRDX1	1.06	1.07	1.14	1.16*	0.97*	0.035	0.001	0.971
PRDX3	0.86	0.66	0.67	0.92***	0.81*	0.039	<0.001	0.001
PRDX4	0.93	0.79	0.87	0.99**	0.98**	0.043	0.003	0.017
SOD1	1.05	0.96	1.18**	1.07†	1.02	0.050	0.015	0.129
SOD2	0.98	0.89	0.93	0.97	0.91	0.060	0.405	0.091
SOD3	1.46	0.86	0.99	0.75	0.80	0.085	0.230	<0.001
TXNRD1	1.26	0.99	1.03	1.13†	0.94	0.081	0.097	0.001
TXNRD2	1.47	1.06	1.14†	1.02	0.96*	0.052	0.003	<0.001

¹CAT, Catalase; GPX1, Glutathione Peroxidase 1; GPX3, Glutathione Peroxidase 3; GPX4, Glutathione Peroxidase 4; GSR, Glutathione-Disulfide Reductase; NEF2L2, Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2 Like 2; PRDX1, Peroxiredoxin 1; PRDX3, Peroxiredoxin 3; PRDX4, Peroxiredoxin 4; SOD1, Superoxide Dismutase 1; SOD2, Superoxide Dismutase 2; SOD3, Superoxide Dismutase 3; TXNRD1, Thioredoxin Reductase 1; TXNRD2, Thioredoxin Reductase 2.

²Ctr., 0 mM carnosine and 0 mM H₂O₂.

³Each value represents the mean of four experiments in triplicate.

^†, tendency;

*, P<0.05;

**, P<0.01;

***, P<0.001, when compared with the 0 mM carnosine + 0.3 mM H₂O₂ treatment (second column).

⁴Overall effect of carnosine in the presence of H₂O₂ (Carnosine 0, 10, 25 and 50 mM).

⁵Effect of the specific contrast (Carnosine 0 mM + 0.3 mM H₂O₂ vs. Ctr.).