Table 2. Participant characteristics, for total and separated by MetS groups.
| Total | Non-Metabolic Syndrome | Metabolic Syndrome | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 103 (100) | 52 (50.5) | 51 (49.5) | |
| Male:Female | 39:64 | 24:28 | 15:36 | 0.080* |
| Age, y.o. | 58.1 (5.7) | 58.2 (6.0) | 58.0 (5.4) | 0.892+ |
| Education, years | 6.6 (3.8) | 6.7 (5.2) | 6.5 (4.3) | 0.899+ |
| Smoking status | 0.213* | |||
| Former smokers, N (%) | 36 (34.9) | 17 (32.7) | 19 (37.2) | |
| Current smokers, N (%) | 15 (14.5) | 5 (9.6) | 10 (19.6) | |
| Never smokers, N (%) | 49 (47.6) | 30 (57.7) | 19 (37.2) | |
| Residential zone | 0.974* | |||
| Rural, N (%) | 10 (9.7) | 5 (9.6) | 5 (9.8) | |
| Urban, N (%) | 93 (90.3) | 47 (90.4) | 46 (90.2) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (5.0) | 24.9 (4.1) | 29.6 (4.8) | <0.001+ |
| High blood pressure, N (%) | 38 (36.9) | 14 (26.9) | 24 (47.1) | 0.034* |
| High waist circumference, N (%) | 53 (51.5) | 13 (25.0) | 40 (78.4) | <0.0001* |
| Low HDL cholesterol, N (%) | 60 (58.3) | 17 (32.7) | 43 (84.3) | <0.0001* |
| High triglycerides, N (%) | 43 (41.7) | 8 (15.4) | 35 (68.6) | <0.0001* |
| High fasting glucose, N (%) | 12 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (23.5) | <0.0001* |
| Drug treatment for hypertension, N (%) | 42 (40.1) | 11 (21.2) | 31 (60.8) | <0.0001* |
| Drug treatment for dyslipidemia, N (%) | 18 (17.5) | 7 (38.9) | 11 (61.1) | <0.0001* |
| Drug treatment for Type 2 diabetes, N (%) | 11 (10.7) | 1 (1.9) | 10 (19.6) | <0.0001* |
Data are expressed as means (SD) or percentages (total N = 103) or (N = 52 or N = 51, for non-MetS or MetS groups, respectively). Significant p-values (p) are represented in bold and italic.
y.o.: Years old; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; BMI: Body mass index.
+Student's t-test
*Pearson's χ2 test.