Fig. 3∣. Comparison of Matrigel and synthetic scaffolds for stem cell differentiation and tissue engineering.

Unlike Matrigel, which is not tissue specific, synthetic scaffolds can be tuned (often through the addition of peptides) to provide specific biofunctionality to direct cell differentiation. The growth factors and other biologically active proteins in Matrigel lead to the generation of heterogeneous cell populations, whereas synthetic scaffolds generate pure populations of differentiated cells. In the context of in vivo delivery for tissue engineering applications, synthetic scaffolds can be delivered locally to the target site and be tuned to provide sustained mechanical support and biochemical instruction to transition from a cell-laden synthetic scaffold to neotissue. Conversely, the degradation of Matrigel is uncontrolled and its biofunctionality often leads to the formation of blood vessels. The potential for xenogenic contaminants in Matrigel or Matrigel-cultured cells prevents clinical application. Moreover, the handling of Matrigel in clinical settings is difficult owing to its gelation over a wide range of temperatures.