Table 3.

Predictors of Inpatient Mortality, Need for Mechanical Ventilation, and Their Composite After Multivariable Regression Using Clinical Data Elements From the Emergency Department

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI); p Value	Adjusted OR (95% CI); p Value
Mortality
RHS-ECG	11.4 (5.2−24.9); <0.001	15.2 (5.1−45.2); <0.001
SPO2/FiO2	0.80 (0.74−0.86); <0.001	0.81 (0.74−0.89); <0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	7.7 (2.5−24.3); <0.001	9.0 (1.6−50.7); 0.013
Cardiac injury	6.6 (3.3−13.3); <0.001	3.8 (1.5−9.6); 0.004
Ferritin	1.3 (1.1−1.7); 0.014	1.4. (1.1−1.9); 0.031
Smoking history	3.5 (1.9−6.8); <0.001	3.1 (1.2−7.7); 0.016
Mechanical ventilation
RHS-ECG	6.4 (3.0−13.5); <0.001	8.8 (3.4−23.2); <0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	6.2 (2.0−19.4); <0.001	5.5 (1.3−21.7); <0.016
SPO2/FiO2∗	0.78 (0.72−0.84); <0.001	0.80 (0.74−0.87); <0.001
Lactate dehydrogenase∗	1.3 (1.2−1.5); <0.001	1.2 (1.1−1.4); 0.013
Composite of mortality or mechanical ventilation
RHS-ECG	7.7 (3.6−16.3); <0.001	12.1 (4.3−33.9); <0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	7.0 (2.2−22.4); <0.001	7.8 (1.8−33.9); 0.006.
SPO2/FiO2∗	0.76 (0.71−0.82); <0.001	0.77 (0.70−0.84); <0.001
Lactate dehydrogenase∗	1.3 (1.1−1.5); <0.001	1.2 (1.1−1.3); 0.037

Variables controlled for RHS-ECG, age 65 yrs or older, cardiac injury, atrial fibrillation/ flutter, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, smoking history, SPO2/FiO2, lactate dehydrogenase, ^∗ferritin, and ^∗D-dimer.

CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; other abbreviations as in Table 1.

^∗Continuous variables were converted to a 20-point scale with their maximal laboratory value (per assay) corresponding to 20 points.