Table 5. Effect of 13 cRA on biochemical parameters in rats fed standard or high fat diets.
| BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS (X ± SEM) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groupa | ALB (g/L) | ALP (U/L) | AMY (U/L) | Ca (mmol/L) | PHOS (mmol/L) | Na+ (mmol/L) | K+ (mmol/L) | TP (g/L) | CRE (umol/L) |
| STD-C | 53 ± 1.28 | 181 ± 9.31 | 576.17 ± 32.83 | 2.41 ± 0.01 | 1.92 ± 0.36 | 134 ± 0.63 | 5.43 ± 0.16 | 67 ± 0.55 | 32.33 ± 3.11 |
| STD+7.5 (13 cRA) | 45.33 ± 1.26**+ | 204.17 ± 20.73 | 583.5 ± 51.09 | 2.45 ± 0.12 | 1.84 ± 0.36 | 134.67 ± 2.07 | 4.77 ± 0.75 | 67.83 ± 3.39 | 37 ± 2.38 |
| STD+15 (13 cRA) | 44.33 ± 1.05**+~ | 210 ± 15.81 | 613.67 ± 37.45 | 2.52 ± 0.04 | 1.79 ± 0.15 | 132.67 ± 0.76 | 4.53 ± 0.14 | 64.33 ± 1.05 | 39 ± 5.07 |
| HFD-C | 52.33 ± 1.52 | 177.83 ± 15.85 | 616.33 ± 4.83 | 2.54 ± 0.02 | 1.94 ± 0.03 | 131.67 ± 0.21 | 4.77 ± 0.2 | 65.67 ± 1.15 | 32.33 ± 1.73 |
| HFD+7.5 (13 cRA) | 51 ± 1.17x | 178.75 ± 11.67x | 634.25 ± 2.45 | 2.57 ± 0.01** | 1.89 ± 0.06 | 131.25 ± 0.31*x | 4.7 ± 0.07 | 64.75 ± 1.17 | 35.25 ± 2.16 |
| HFD+15 (13 cRA) | 51.13 ± 0.31 | 204 ± 4.51 | 654.25 ± 11.38**xx | 2.82 ± 0.1***xx | 1.91 ± 0.05 | 132 ± 0.37 | 4.4 ± 0.11*** | 59.75 ± 0.49*xx | 36.25 ± 3.34 |
aRats were fed either STD or HFD for 9 weeks ad libitum. 13 cRA was orally administered to rats via a gastric tube in two different concentrations (7.5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg) during 30 days. Blood for biochemical analysis was taken from abdominal aorta. Number of rats per group: 6.
*Different in relation to STD-C (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001).
+Different in relation to HFD-C (+P<0.05). xDifferent in relation to STD+7.5 (13 cRA) (xP<0.05; xxP<0.01). ~Different in relation to HFD+7.5 (13 cRA) (~P<0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (STATISTICA 13 StatSoft, Tulsa, OK, USA). Abbreviation: ALB–Albumins, ALP–Alkaline phosphatase, AMY–Amylase, Ca–Calcium, PHOS–Phosphate, Na+–Natrium, K+–Potassium, TP–Total Proteins, CRE–Creatinine