. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 3.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2020 Mar 19;51(10):1676–1686. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000422

Table 3.

Two bivariate dual LCS models for set-shifting (indexed by accuracy and latency) and GAD symptoms

	Set-Shifting (Accuracy) and GAD
Model fit	χ²(df = 13) = 24.982, p = .023, CFI = .970, RMSEA = .022, AIC = 18,607.870, SABIC = 18,641.797
Parameter estimate	ΔGAD_T1–T2 → ΔSETA_T2–T3		MDD_T1 → ΔSETA_T2–T3
Within-person bivariate coupling effects (δ)	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d
	−0.005^*** (0.000)	−0.51	0.003 (0.010)	0.01
	Set-Shifting (Accuracy)		GAD
	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d
Between-person initial status
Mean (s.e.)	−0.002 (0.019)	−0.00	2.855^*** (0.016)	6.34
Variance (s.e.)	0^a		0.112^*** (0.010)	0.39
Between-person constant change (α)
Mean (s.e.)	−0.004 (0.022)	0.01	−0.017 (0.011)	−0.05
Variance (s.e.)	0^a		0^a
Residual variance
$σ_{e}^{2}$ , b (s.e.)	1.001^*** (0.053)	0.69	0.149^*** (0.007)	0.73
$σ_{e}^{2}$ (T1 SETA–T2 SETA correlation), b (s.e.)	0.124^*** (0.028)	0.16
Between-person SETA – GAD correlation, b (s.e.)	0.004 (0.016)	0.02
	Set-Shifting (Latency) and GAD
Model fit	χ²(df = 12) = 39.819, p < .001, CFI = .965, RMSEA = .030, AIC = 6,962.532, SABIC = 6,999.287
Parameter estimate	ΔGAD_T1–T2 → ΔSETL_T2–T3		MDD_T1 → ΔSETL_T2–T3
Within-person bivariate coupling effects (δ)	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d
	0.005^*** (0.000)	0.96	0.001 (0.004)	0.00
	Set-Shifting (Latency)		GAD
	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d	b (s.e.)	Cohen’s d
Between-person initial status
Mean (s.e.)	1.171^*** (0.006)	7.20	2.855^*** (0.016)	6.34
Variance (s.e.)	0.058^*** (0.016)	0.13	0.112^*** (0.010)	0.39
Between-person constant change (α)
Mean (s.e.)	1.495^*** (0.009)	6.17	−0.017 (0.011)	−0.05
Variance (s.e.)	0^a		0^a
Residual variance
$σ_{e}^{2}$ , b (s.e.)	0.102^*** (0.010)	0.36	0.149^*** (0.007)	0.73
$σ_{e}^{2}$ (T1 SETL–T2 SETL correlation), b (s.e.)	0.049^*** (0.005)	0.37
Between-person SETL – GAD correlation, b (s.e.)	0.001 (0.004)	0.01

b, unstandardized parameter estimates; s.e., standard error; SETA, set-shifting accuracy; SETL, set-shifting latency; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder; CFI, confirmatory fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; AIC, Akaike information criteria; SABIC, sample-adjusted Bayesian information criteria.

Parameter estimate was fixed to 0 to facilitate model convergence.

^***

p < 0.001.