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. 2019 Nov 14;50(10):1126–1137. doi: 10.1007/s00595-019-01908-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 10 — The learning curve for the VANS method according to the blood loss in 60 cases performed by a single surgeon. The blood loss also decreased remarkably after 30 cases in the same manner.

Reprinted from Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 15, Shimizu K, Minimally invasive thyroid surgery, 123–137, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier [29]