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. 2019 Nov 14;50(10):1126–1137. doi: 10.1007/s00595-019-01908-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 9 — The learning curve for the VANS method according to the operating time in 60 cases performed by a single surgeon. These 60 cases were divided into 6 groups of 10 from A to F. The operating time decreased remarkably after 30 cases.

Reprinted from Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 15, Shimizu K, Minimally invasive thyroid surgery, 123–137, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier [29]