Table 1.
Self-Reported number of sleep hours and sleep problems among Nigerian GBMSM from March-June 2019
| Total sample (N=406) (n, %) or (mean, SD) | Sleep duration (n=403) (n, %) or (mean, SD) | P | Sleep-related problems (n=291) (n, %) or (mean, SD)* | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 hours or less (n=177, 45.5%) | 7 hours or more (n=212, 54.5%) | Yes (n=91, 30.7%) | (n=205, 69.3%) | ||||
| Site | <.0001 | ||||||
| Abuja | 100 (25.9) | 33 (33.0) | 67 (67.0) | - | - | ||
| Delta | 99 (25.7) | 54 (54.5) | 45 (45.5) | - | - | ||
| Lagos | 105 (27.2) | 61 (58.1) | 44 (41.9) | - | - | ||
| Plateau | 82 (21.2) | 28 (34.2) | 54 (65.9) | - | - | ||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age | 29.2 (5.80) | 29.9 (6.5) | 29.5 (5.9) | 0.40 | 29.4 (5.95) | 30.1 (6.68) | 0.38 |
| Relationship Status | 0.51 | 0.52 | |||||
| Single | 242 (62.2) | 107 (44.2) | 135 (55.8) | 56 (32.2) | 118 (67.8) | ||
| Not Single | 147 (37.8) | 70 (47.6) | 147 (52.4) | 35 (38.7) | 87 (71.3) | ||
| Educational Attainment | 0.02 | 0.54 | |||||
| Senior Secondary School or lower | 179 (46.0) | 68 (38.0) | 111 (62.0) | 45 (31.5) | 98 (68.5) | ||
| Some University or Vocational School | 83 (21.3) | 45 (54.2) | 38 (45.8) | 18 (27.3) | 48 (72.7) | ||
| University degree or higher | 105 (27.0) | 56 (53.3) | 49 (46.7) | 25 (35.2) | 46 (64.8) | ||
| Other | 22 (5.7) | 8 (36.4) | 14 (63.6) | 3 (18.8) | 13 (81.2) | ||
| Sexual Orientation | 0.45 | 0.77 | |||||
| Gay/Homosexual | 156 (40.3) | 75 (48.1) | 81 (51.9) | 35 (31.5) | 76 (68.5) | ||
| Bisexual | 231 (59.7) | 102 (44.2) | 129 (55.8) | 55 (29.9) | 129 (70.1) | ||
| Social Factors | |||||||
| Monthly Income (in Naira) | 0.32 | 0.41 | |||||
| 0–10,000 | 104 (27.0) | 43 (41.4) | 61 (58.6) | 21 (25.3) | 62 (74.7) | ||
| 10,000–30,000 | 103 (26.8) | 44 (42.7) | 59 (57.3) | 27 (32.1) | 57 (67.9) | ||
| 30,000–50,000 | 78 (20.3) | 42 (53.9) | 36 (46.1) | 14 (25.5) | 41 (74.5) | ||
| 50,000–100,000 | 53 (13.8) | 22 (41.5) | 31 (58.5) | 13 (38.2) | 21 (61.8) | ||
| 100,000+ | 47 (12.2) | 25 (53.2) | 22 (46.8) | 0.90 | 14 (38.9) | 22 (61.1) | 0.58 |
| Employment Status | |||||||
| Employed | 311 (79.9) | 141(45.3) | 170 (54.7) | 77 (31.4) | 168 (68.6) | ||
| Unemployed | 78 (20.1) | 36 (46.2) | 42 (53.8) | 14 (27.5) | 37 (72.5) | ||
| Financial Hardship | 0.14 | 0.78 | |||||
| High financial hardship | 238 (61.8) | 100 (42.0) | 138 (58.0) | 57 (30.5) | 130 (69.5) | ||
| Low financial hardship | 147 (38.2) | 73 (49.7) | 74 (50.3) | 34 (32.1) | 72 (67.9) | ||
| History of Incarceration | 0.31 | 0.18 | |||||
| Yes | 86 (22.3) | 43 (50.0) | 43 (50.0) | 26 (37.1) | 44 (62.9) | ||
| No | 299 (77.7) | 131 (43.8) | 168 (56.2) | 64 (28.7) | 159 (71.3) | ||
| Sexual Health | |||||||
| Sexual Position | 0.59 | 0.28 | |||||
| Bottom/Versatile Bottom | 108 (28.2) | 47 (43.5) | 61 (56.5) | 22 (28.2) | 56 (71.8) | ||
| Versatile | 111 (29.0) | 47 (42.3) | 64 (57.7) | 25 (26.3) | 70 (73.7) | ||
| Versatile Top/Top | 164 (42.8) | 79 (48.2) | 85 (51.8) | 43 (35.8) | 77 (64.2) | ||
| HIV Status | 0.57 | 0.27 | |||||
| Positive | 99 (24.8) | 47 (47.5) | 52 (52.5) | 19 (25.7) | 55(74.3) | ||
| Negative/Unknown | 301 (75.2) | 133 (44.2) | 168 (55.8) | 74 (32.5) | 154 (67.5) | ||
| Any History of STIs | 0.75 | 0.14 | |||||
| Yes | 173 (44.6) | 80 (46.2) | 93 (53.8) | 48 (35.0) | 89 (65.0) | ||
| No | 215 (55.4) | 96 (44.7) | 119 (55.3) | 43 (27.0) | 116 (73.0) | ||
| STIs in the last year | 0.54 | 0.06 | |||||
| Yes | 124 (32.3) | 54 (43.5) | 70 (56.5) | 37 (38.1) | 60 (61.9) | ||
| No | 260 (67.7) | 122 (46.9) | 138 (53.1) | 53 (27.2) | 142 (72.8) | ||
| # of Receptive Anal sex acts in last 30 days | 0.68 | 0.20 | |||||
| 0 | 175 (45.1) | 83 (47.4) | 92 (52.6) | 44 (32.8) | 90 (67.2) | ||
| 1 | 50 (12.9) | 19 (38.0) | 31 (62.0) | 12 (31.6) | 26 (68.4) | ||
| 2–3 | 83 (21.4) | 36 (43.4) | 47 (56.6) | 21 (36.2) | 37 (63.8) | ||
| 4–5 | 49 (12.6) | 25 (51.0) | 24 (49.0) | 7 (15.6) | 38 (84.4) | ||
| 6+ | 31 (8.0) | 13 (41.9) | 18 (58.1) | 0.96 | 7 (33.3) | 14 (66.7) | 0.21 |
| # of Insertive Anal sex acts in last 30 days | |||||||
| 0 | 127 (32.8) | 55 (43.3) | 72 (56.7) | 27 (27.8) | 70 (72.2) | ||
| 1 | 51 (13.2) | 24 (47.1) | 27 (52.9) | 12 (38.7) | 19 (61.3) | ||
| 2–3 | 94 (24.3) | 45 (47.9) | 49 (52.1) | 24 (32.0) | 51 (68.0) | ||
| 4–5 | 55 (14.2) | 24 (43.6) | 31 (56.4) | 19 (40.4) | 28 (59.6) | ||
| 6+ | 60 (15.5) | 28 (46.7) | 32 (53.3) | 0.04 | 9 (20.0) | 36 (80.0) | 0.73 |
| Condom Use at last anal sex | |||||||
| Yes | 300 (78.1) | 127 (42.3) | 173 (57.7) | 68 (30.1) | 158 (69.9) | ||
| No | 84 (21.9) | 46 (54.8) | 38 (45.2) | 21 (32.3) | 44 (67.7) | ||
| Hookup App Usage | 0.64 | 0.24 | |||||
| Yes | 206 (53.0) | 96 (46.6) | 110 (53.4) | 52 (33.8) | 102 (66.2) | ||
| No | 183 (47.0) | 81 (44.3) | 102 (55.7) | 39 (27.5) | 103 (72.5) | ||
| Mental Health and Minority Stress | |||||||
| Depressive Symptoms | |||||||
| Yes | 93 (23.9) | 58 (62.4) | 35 (37.6) | 23 (33.8) | 45 (66.2) | ||
| No | 296 (76.1) | 119 (40.2) | 177 (59.8) | 68 (29.8) | 160 (70.2) | ||
| Suicide Thoughts | 0.0004 | 0.19 | |||||
| Yes | 83 (21.3) | 52 (62.7) | 31 (37.3) | 23 (37.7) | 38 (62.3) | ||
| No | 306 (78.7) | 125 (40.9) | 181 (59.1) | 68 (28.9) | 167 (71.1) | ||
| Suicide Attempt | 0.009 | 0.30 | |||||
| Yes | 40 (10.3) | 26 (65.0) | 14 (35.0) | 11 (39.3) | 17 (60.7) | ||
| No | 349 (89.7) | 151 (43.3) | 198 (56.7) | 80 (29.8) | 188 (70.2) | ||
| Internalized Homophobia | 7.1 (3.4) | 8.10 (3.55) | 7.94 (3.55) | 0.65 | 8.06 (3.75) | 8.46 (3.56) | 0.38 |
| Perceived Social Support | 58.1 (13.73) | 56.5(12.4) | 59.5 (13.0) | 0.02 | 55.6 (13.7) | 59.4 (12.75) | 0.03 |
| Self Esteem | 30.0 (3.77) | 29.5 (3.62) | 30.3 (3.84) | 0.05 | 30.30(4.01) | 29.9(3.66) | 0.48 |
| Loneliness | 17.3 (4.38) | 17.9 (4.53) | 16.8 (4.22) | 0.02 | 17.5 (4.45) | 17.1 (4.19) | 0.40 |
| Anxiety | 5.84 (4.65) | 6.92 (4.85) | 4.96 (4.32) | <.0001 | 6.4 (4.89) | 5.3 (4.40) | 0.07 |
| Community Connectedness | 19.8 (4.42) | 19.6 (4.35) | 20.0 (4.50) | 0.38 | 18.8 (5.0) | 20.2 (4.25) | 0.02 |
| Substance Use | |||||||
| Hazardous Drinking | 0.46 | 0.87 | |||||
| Yes | 75 (18.3) | 37 (49.3) | 38 (50.7) | 17 (29.8) | 40 (70.2) | ||
| No | 314 (80.7) | 140 (44.6) | 174 (55.4) | 74 (30.9) | 165 (69.1) | ||
| Lifetime Marijuana Use | 0.51 | 0.85 | |||||
| Yes | 164 (42.3) | 78 (47.6) | 86 (52.4) | 39 (31.5) | 85 (68.5) | ||
| No | 224 (57.8) | 99 (44.2) | 125 (55.8) | 52 (30.4) | 119 (69.6) | ||
| History of Polysubstance Use | 0.03 | 0.13 | |||||
| 0 | 242 (62.2) | 102 (42.2) | 140 (57.8) | 51 (27.7) | 133 (72.3) | ||
| 1 | 59 (15.2) | 25 (42.4) | 34 (57.6) | 19 (40.4) | 28 (59.6) | ||
| 2–3 | 56 (14.4) | 28 (50.0) | 28 (50.0) | 11 (25.6) | 32 (74.4) | ||
| 4+ | 32 (8.2) | 22 (68.8) | 10 (31.2) | 0.39 | 10 (45.5) | 12 (54.5) | |
| Recent Polysubstance Use (Last 3 months) | |||||||
| None | 258 (68.4) | 114 (44.2) | 144 (55.8) | 55 (28.7) | 137 (71.3) | ||
| Once or Twice | 52 (13.8) | 28 (53.8) | 24 (46.2) | 14 (32.6) | 29 (67.4) | ||
| Monthly or more | 67 (17.8) | 33 (49.3) | 34 (50.7) | 22 (43.1) | 29 (56.9) | ||
Bold values are statistically significant.
*
No data collected on sleep-related problem among participants in Lagos state.