Table 1.
Summary of agonists targeting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and facilitating endothelial dysfunction.
| Agonist | Category | Effects and potential mechanisms | Disease | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMAO | Choline metabolite |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ ROS–TXNIP–NLRP3 pathway •↓ eNOS expression •↓ NO roduction |
AS | 124 |
| Visfatin | Adipokine |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ Neointimal formation •↑ NLRP3 formation and activation |
Obesity | 52 |
| Acetate, propionate | SCFAs |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ Neointimal formation •↑ NLRP3 formation and activation |
AS | 125 |
| TCBQ | Toxicant |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ NLRP3 activation, IL-1β secretion •↑ NLRP3 deubiquitination •↑ GSDMD and MLKL leakage |
/ | 53,54 |
| LCWE | L. casei cell wall extract |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ Lysosome membrane permeability, cathepsin B release •↑ NLRP3 formation and activation |
Coronary arteritis | 126 |
| Heme | Iron porphyrins |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ NLRP3 activation, IL-1β secretion |
Hemolytic diseases | 127 |
| Endothelial GPR124 | Orphan receptor |
•↑ Atherosclerosis progression •↑ Nitrosative stress •↑ NLRP3 activation |
AS | 128 |
| AGEs | Glycation products |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway •↓ EPC numbers, NO level, and eNOS expression |
Chronic kidney disease | 129 |
| SREBP2 | Transcription factor |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ The production of toxic lipids, cholesterol crystals, and necrotic cells •↑ NLRP3 activation |
AS | 130 |
| Adora2a | Adenosine receptor |
•↑ Cerebral endothelial inflammation •↑ NLRP3 activation |
Ischemic stroke | 131 |
| Prdx6-aiPLA2 activity | Enzyme |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation •↑ Endothelial NOX2 activation •↑ ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway |
ALI | 132 |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation, apoptosis •↑ NLRP3 activation •↑ Inflammatory chemokines |
Diabetic retinopathy | 133 |
| Acrolein | Unsaturated aldehyde |
•↑ Pyroptosis •↓ Cell migration •↓ ROS-dependent autophagy •↑ NLRP3 activation |
AS | 57 |
| Cadmium | Metal toxicant |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation, pyroptosis •↑ mtROS-mediated NLRP3 activation |
CVD | 58 |
| Nicotine | Alkaloid |
•↑ Endothelial inflammation, pyroptosis •↑ ROS production, NLRP3 activation |
AS | 134 |
|
•↑ Endothelial barrier dysfunction •↑ Cathepsin B-dependent NLRP3 activation •↑ HMGB1 release |
69 |