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. 2020 Sep 15;6(9):e04782. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04782

Table 2.

Lee and Strazicich Unit Root test with breaks.

Variable 1st Break Date (Break Date at 1st Diff) 2nd Break Date (Break Date at 1st Diff) T Stat. at Level T Stat. at 1st diff. Order of Integration
LNSEASI 03/06/2013 03/03/2017 -1.85 -33.49 I (1)
LBRVMCOM 29/10/2012 14/10/2013 -3.61 -46.38 I (1)
LGSECOM 02/07/2015 20/02/2018 -1.40 -51.68 I (1)
LSP500 14/11/2014 11/02/2016 -4.62 -47.58 I (1)
LFTSE100 22/12/2014 24/12/2015 -4.89 -44.72 I (1)

Note: Critical values at 1%, 5% and 10% are -5.44, -4.92 and -4.53 respectively.

The General-to-Specific (GTOS) lag length selection criterion is used to select the lag order.

Varying the trend specifications (in respect of the trend and break) does not change the basic conclusions.