Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression results for the likelihood of feeling lonely among young adults, TYP 2000-2017 (N = 2,289).
| AOR (95% CI) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
| Individual characteristics in early adolescence (at aged 15) | ||||||||
| Adverse adolescence experience (AAE) | 1.17 | (1.07, 1.26)*** | 1.11 | (1.03, 1.19)** | 1.08 | (1.00, 1.16)* | 1.07 | (0.99, 1.15) |
| Early maturation (ref = Others) | 1.17 | (0.88, 1.55) | 1.15 | (0.89, 1.48) | 1.14 | (0.89, 1.46) | 1.07 | (0.84, 1.37) |
| Short sleep (ref = Others) | 0.98 | (0.78, 1.24) | 0.93 | (0.73, 1.17) | 0.90 | (0.70, 1.15) | 0.91 | (0.71, 1.18) |
| Feelings of loneliness | ||||||||
| During middle school | 2.05 | (1.67, 2.53)*** | 1.72 | (1.40, 2.12)*** | 1.56 | (1.26, 1.93)*** | ||
| During high school | 2.03 | (1.71, 2.41)*** | 1.68 | (1.41, 2.01)*** | ||||
| During college | 2.38 | (1.98, 2.85)*** | ||||||
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Age | 1.02 | (0.96, 1.10) | 1.00 | (0.94, 1.07) | 1.04 | (0.97, 1.11) | 1.02 | (0.96, 1.09) |
| Male | 0.71 | (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.77 | (0.60, 0.98)* | 0.81 | (0.64, 1.03)§ | 0.82 | (0.64, 1.05) |
| Attendance at 4-year college | 0.97 | (0.76, 1.24) | 0.96 | (0.74, 1.24) | 0.92 | (0.71, 1.20) | 0.88 | (0.66, 1.17) |
| Being an only child | 0.87 | (0.53, 1.43) | 0.90 | (0.54, 1.53) | 0.87 | (0.53, 1.43) | 0.80 | (0.47, 1.35) |
| Parental educational level | 1.04 | (0.93, 1.16) | 1.03 | (0.91, 1.16) | 1.01 | (0.90, 1.14) | 1.02 | (0.90, 1.15) |
| Residence in early adolescence (ref = Taipei City) | ||||||||
| Taipei county | 1.03 | (0.81, 1.32) | 1.02 | (0.80, 1.29) | 1.02 | (0.81, 1.29) | 1.03 | (0.82, 1.30) |
| Yilan county | 0.60 | (0.44, 0.83)** | 0.60 | (0.43, 0.82)** | 0.59 | (0.43, 0.81)** | 0.59 | (0.43, 0.81)** |
Abbreviations: AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; All models adjust for sample clusters; §p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.