Table 2.
Demographical, microbiological, and clinical characteristics of patients affected by Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia according to amoxicillin susceptibility.
| Criteria | Amoxicillin susceptible (n = 78) | Amoxicillin resistant (n = 35) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographical characteristics | |||
| Female gender, n (%) | 32 (41) | 14 (40) | 1.000 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 62.5 (20–88) | 67 (31-92) | 0.545 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25.5 (43-16) | 25 (19–42) | 0.779 |
| Medical history | |||
| Recent bronchitis, n (%) | 13 (16.6) | 8 (22.8) | 0.443 |
| Previous pneumonia, n (%) | 10 (12.8) | 5 (14.2) | 1.000 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Living in nursing home, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 1 (2.8) | 1.000 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 38 (48.7) | 17 (48.5) | 1.000 |
| Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 25 (32) | 8 (22.8) | 0.376 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | 10 (12.8) | 7 (20) | 0.395 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 18 (23) | 7 (20) | 0.809 |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 7 (8.9) | 2 (5.7) | 0.718 |
| Renal chronic failure, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 2 (5.7) | 0.644 |
| Cardiac chronic failure, n (%) | 15 (19.2) | 6 (17.1) | 1.000 |
| COPD, n (%) | 33 (42.3) | 16 (45.7) | 0.837 |
| Type of pneumonia | |||
| CAP, n (%) | 65 (83.3) | 28 (80) | 0.790 |
| HAP, n (%) | 13 (16.6) | 7 (20) | 0.790 |
| VAP, n (%) | 9 (11.5) | 6 (17.1) | 0.549 |
| Inhalation associated, n (%) | 33 (42.3) | 9 (25.7) | 0.098 |
| Coinfection, n (%) | 23 (29.4) | 8 (22.8) | 0.504 |
| Kind of sample | |||
| Pulmonary sample, n (%) | 75 (96.2) | 31 (88.6) | 0.200 |
| Blood culture, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 4 (11.4) | |
| Pleural fluid, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Cerebrospinal fluid, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Severity of pneumonia | |||
| SAPS-II, median (IQR) | 48 (14–104) | 49 (24–90) | 0.806 |
| Local complication, n (%) | 6 (7.7) | 2 (5.7) | 1.000 |
| Organ failure, n (%) | 73 (93.5) | 35 (100) | 0.321 |
| ARDS, n (%) | 10 (12.8) | 7 (20) | 0.395 |
| MV, n (%) | 74 (94.8) | 33 (94.3) | 1.000 |
| OTI, n (%) | 65 (83.3) | 31 (88.6) | 0.577 |
| VAP during hospitalization, n (%) | 21 (26.9) | 10 (28.5) | 1.000 |
| Acute renal failure, n (%) | 36 (46.1) | 19 (54.3) | 0.541 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 4 (11.4) | 0.200 |
| CVC, n (%) | 63 (80.7) | 30 (85.7) | 0.603 |
| Septic shock, n (%) | 32 (41) | 13 (37.1) | 0.680 |
| ICU death, n (%) | 19 (24.3) | 10 (28.5) | 0.647 |
| OTI duration, median (IQR) | 7 (1–70) | 11 (1–41) | 0.583 |
| MV duration, median (IQR) | 8 (0–70) | 10 (0–41) | 0.410 |
| ICU duration, median (IQR) | 10 (1–74) | 12 (2–102) | 0.337 |
| Antimicrobial therapy | |||
| Stream lining (de-escalation), n (%) | 40 (51.2) | 19 (54.3) | 0.840 |
| De-escalation possibility, n (%) | 58 (74.3) | 26 (74.3) | 1.000 |
| Outcome | |||
| Death in ICU, n (%) | 19 (24.4) | 10 (28.6) | 0.635 |
ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI = body mass index; CAP = community-acquired pneumonia; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVC = central venous catheter; HAP = hospital-acquired pneumonia; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; MV = mechanical ventilation; OTI = orotracheal intubation; SAPS-II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score-II; VAP = ventilator-associated pneumonia.