Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the control, morbid obesity (OB), morbid obesity with hypertension (OB+HYP), and morbid obesity with metabolic syndrome (OB+MS). Data given as median (lower and upper confidence limit), ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 indicate significant differences from the control; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 indicate significant differences from the morbid obesity (OB); alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine (Crea), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hemoglobin (HGB), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), red blood cell count (RBC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), triacylglycerol (TG), uric acid (UA), white blood cell count (WBC), waist-hip ratio (WHR).
| C n = 30 |
OB n = 30 |
OB+HYP n = 16 |
OB+MS n = 16 |
ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 46 (39-49) | 43 (37-49) | 47 (43-49) | 50 (44-52) | 0.0785 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 (23-23) | 45∗∗∗∗ (42-46) | 47∗∗∗∗ (43-53) | 46∗∗∗∗ (44-50) | <0.0001 |
| WHR | 0.72 (0.71-0.72) | 0.96∗∗∗∗ (0.94-0.99) | 0.99∗∗∗∗ (0.96-1) | 0.97∗∗∗∗ (0.96-0.99) | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 (120-120) | 120 (120-130) | 133∗∗∗ (120-140) | 140∗∗∗∗### (130-140) | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 (80-80) | 80 (80-90) | 90∗∗ (80-90) | 90∗∗ (80-90) | 0.0002 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 77 (75-80) | 97∗∗∗∗ (92-100) | 103∗∗∗∗ (95-110) | 119∗∗∗∗### (105-133) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 7.6 (7.3-7.8) | 18∗∗∗∗ (15-18) | 20∗∗∗∗ (16-26) | 22∗∗∗∗ (20-25) | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.4 (1.4-1.6) | 4.1∗∗∗∗ (3.6-4.4) | 4.8∗∗∗∗ (3.7-6.8) | 6.2∗∗∗∗ (5.6-7) | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 175 (170-178) | 195∗ (180-201) | 215∗∗∗∗ (195-233) | 217∗∗∗∗# (183-231) | <0.0001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 118 (116-120) | 124 (114-133) | 145∗∗∗∗### (139-170) | 144∗∗∗∗## (128-158) | <0.0001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 135 (131-138) | 131 (110-145) | 140 (127-187) | 151 (122-191) | 0.1981 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 60 (55-62) | 49∗∗∗ (41-55) | 47∗∗ (36-55) | 44∗∗∗ (39-55) | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 23 (21-27) | 24 (19-30) | 25 (17-34) | 31∗ (26-44) | 0.0352 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 3.9 (3.6-4.3) | 6∗∗∗∗ (5.3-6.5) | 7.2∗∗∗∗ (5.5-9.1) | 7∗∗∗∗ (6-7.8) | <0.0001 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 23 (20-28) | 27 (24-32) | 32∗ (27-37) | 28 (25-34) | 0.0116 |
| Crea (mg/dL) | 0.71 (0.69-0.75) | 0.73 (0.71-0.75) | 0.72 (0.69-0.77) | 0.72 (0.64-0.77) | 0.6677 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 5.5 (5.3-5.6) | 8.8 (4-11) | 12∗∗∗ (7.8-13) | 12∗∗∗ (6.3-14) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 344 (308-362) | 422∗∗∗∗ (403-457) | 432∗∗∗∗ (409-500) | 441∗∗∗∗ (426-484) | <0.0001 |
| WBC (103/μL) | 7.5 (6.8-7.8) | 8.3 (7.1-9) | 9.9∗∗∗ (8.2-11) | 8.8∗ (7.3-9.9) | 0.0002 |
| RBC (106/μL) | 4.6 (4.5-4.8) | 4.7 (4.4-5) | 4.5 (4.2-4,8) | 4.6 (4.4-4.9) | 0.5193 |
| HGB (g/dL) | 14 (13-14) | 13 (13-14) | 13 (13-14) | 14 (13-14) | 0.4168 |
| PLT (103/μL) | 292 (278-300) | 286 (247-306) | 263 (220-322) | 265 (191-312) | 0.4496 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | ND |
| Type 2 diabetes n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 16 (100) | ND |