Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis exploring factors of depression among the general population in China during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Variable			Odds ratio	95% CI
Demographic characteristics
	Gender (male vs female)		0.742	0.478-1.150
	Age (>35 years vs ≤35 years)		0.885	0.532-1.474
	Marital status (married vs other)		0.936	0.531-1.651
	Occupation
		Health care worker	1.530	0.804-2.914
		Student	1.810	0.872-3.754
		Teacher, lawyer, or journalist	2.049	1.115-3.768
		Other	1.403	0.765-2.573
	Education
		Below junior college vs bachelor’s degree and above	1.596	0.839-3.035
		Junior college vs bachelor’s degree and above	1.572	1.018-2.428
	Monthly income (¥)a
		≤5000 vs >10,000	1.160	0.697-1.931
		5001-10,000 vs >10,000	0.617	0.374-1.018
Psychological responses
	Feeling stressed
		Not sure vs disagree	0.465	0.216-1.003
		Agree vs disagree	1.018	0.436-2.376
	Feeling helpless
		Not sure vs disagree	1.455	0.826-2.562
		Agree vs disagree	2.348	1.373-4.016
	Persistently being worried even with support
		Not sure vs disagree	2.120	1.081-4.160
		Agree vs disagree	3.303	1.696-6.433
	Being calm
		Agree vs disagree	0.345	0.188-0.636
		Not sure vs disagree	0.876	0.553-1.386
	Being optimistic
		Agree vs disagree	1.262	0.729-2.186
		Not sure vs disagree	0.713	0.443-1.149
Behavioral responses
	Never feeling clean after disinfecting; scrubbing hands and items repeatedly
		Sometimes vs no	1.265	0.746-2.145
		Always vs no	1.942	1.158-3.257
	Hoarding food, medicine, or daily supplies
		Not sure vs disagree	0.655	0.397-1.082
		Agree vs disagree	1.862	1.039-3.338
	Social avoidance to avoid infection
		Not sure vs disagree	0.619	0.347-1.104
		Agree vs disagree	0.746	0.404-1.379
	Being distracted from work or study
		Not sure vs disagree	9.131	2.648-31.495
		Agree vs disagree	26.810	8.128-88.430
Social support (yes vs no)			0.524	0.305-0.901

^a1 ¥ = US $0.15.