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. 2020 Sep 18;11:405. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01897-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — In vivo analysis of islet survival and function (metabolic analysis): a islet transplantation using a kidney subcapsular approach; pFUS treatment on the kidney transplanted with islets; transplanted kidney with different experimental groups (i.e., Islets, e-Islets, m-Islets, em-Islets, and emf-Islets) at the time of euthanasia (black arrows indicate transplanted islets); results of b–e BG measurements, f–i normoglycemia percentage, j–m IPGTT, n–q area under the IPGTT curve (AUC_0-120min), r–u BG clearance rates calculated from slope of IPGTT curves from 30 to 90 min and v–y body weight of mice post-transplant measured at various time points over 30 days. Results shows the effect of b, f, j, n, r, v islet encapsulation by comparing Islets with e-Islets, c, g, k, o, s, w AD-MSC coating on islets by comparing Islets with m-Islets, d, h, l, p, t, x encapsulating islets with AD-MSCs by comparing e-Islets with em-Islets, e, i, m, q, u, y and pFUS treatment by comparing em-Islets with emf-Islets groups. Significant differences: b–y ^aP < 0.05: e-Islets vs. Islets; ^bP < 0.05: m-Islets vs. Islets; ^cP < 0.05: m-Islets vs. e-Islets; ^dP < 0.05: em-Islets vs. e-Islets; ^eP < 0.05: em-Islets vs. m-Islets; ^fP < 0.05: em-Islets vs. Islets; ^gP < 0.05: emf-Islets vs. em-Islets; ^hP < 0.05: emf-Islets vs. m-Islets; ⁱP < 0.05: emf-Islets vs. e-Islets; ^jP < 0.05: emf-Islets vs. Islets; *P < 0.05: baseline vs. all other time-points (two (b, h, n, t, d, j, p, v, g, m, s, y) or one (k, q, w, l, r, x)-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey test or unpaired Student’s t test (e, f))