Table 4.
Summary of GEE analysis results regarding the regarding the pre- and post-intervention SDLRS scores
| Parameter | Intercept | Group (E vs. C) | Time (Post vs. Pre) | Interaction between group by time | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | ||||||||
| B | P | B | P | B | P | B | P | |
| Learning motivation | 3.36 | <.001 | −0.10 | .246 | 0.11 | .004 | 0.09 | .065 |
| Active learning | 3.71 | <.001 | −0.19 | .010 | 0.01 | .688 | 0.13 | .003 |
| Love learning | 3.40 | <.001 | −0.14 | .090 | 0.08 | .042 | 0.10 | .032 |
| Independent learning | 3.54 | <.001 | −0.07 | .311 | −0.09 | .014 | 0.00 | .915 |
| Creative learning | 3.44 | <.001 | −0.13 | .184 | 0.06 | .154 | 0.08 | .127 |
| Effective learning | 2.80 | <.001 | 0.12 | .213 | 0.24 | <.001 | −0.05 | .334 |
| Overall | 3.40 | <.001 | −0.09 | .115 | 0.07 | .009 | 0.07 | .039 |
GEE Generalized estimating equation, SDLRS Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale. E Experimental group, C Control group, B indicates the estimated parameter derived from GEE analysis