Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of children diagnosed with COVID-19
| Lu et al. (China) (N = 171) [16] | Dong et al. (China) (N = 728) a [2] | CDC MMWR (US) (N = 2572) b [3] | Götzinger et al. (Europe) (N = 582) [17] | Parri et al. (Italy) (N = 100) [15] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age in years (IQR) | 6.7 (N/A) | 10 (4–15) | 11 (N/A) | 5 (0.5–12) | 3.3 (N/A) | |
| Patients < 1 years (%) | 18.1 | 11.7 | 15 | 29 | 40 | |
| Male/female ratio | 1.55 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.15 | 1.3 | |
| Asymptomatic (%) | 16 | 4.4 | 23 | 16 | 21 | |
| Fever (%) | 37.5/6–38 °C | 9.4 | N/A | 56 | 65 | 15 |
| 38.1–39.0 °C | 22.8 | 28 | ||||
| > 39.0 °C | 9.4 | 11 | ||||
| Cough (%) | 48.5 | N/A | 54.3 | N/A | 44 | |
| Shortness of breath (%) | N/A | N/A | 13 | N/A | 11 | |
| Upper respiratory tract symptoms (%) | Rhinorrhea | 7.6 | N/A | 7.2 | 54c | 22 |
| Sore throat or pharyngeal erythema | 46.2 | N/A | 24.4 | 4 | ||
| Clinical or radiological evidence of pneumonia (%) | 65 | N/A | N/A | 47 | N/A | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms (%) | Nausea/vomiting | 6.4 | N/A | 11 | 22 | 10 |
| Diarrhea | 8.8 | N/A | 13 | 9 | ||
| Abdominal pain | N/A | N/A | 5.8 | 4 | ||
| Headache (%) | N/A | N/A | 28 | 28 | 4 | |
| ICU admissions (%) | 1.8 | 0.4 | 2 | 8.2 | 9 | |
| Deaths (n, %) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.14) | 3 (0.12) | 4 (0.7) | 0 (0) | |
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, US United States, ICU intensive care unit, N/A not available
aData on confirmed cases (the report included also suspected cases)
bData on signs and symptoms of COVID-19 were available for 291/2572 patients
cUpper respiratory infection included coryza, tonsillitis, sore throat, otitis media and sinusitis