Figure 8. Mean (±95% CI) flight velocity across sequential five frames of flight (15–11, 10–6, 5–1, counting from the end of flight) for brown-headed cowbirds.

Treatment groups are as follows, control (filled squares), treatment (hollow triangles), and both (hollow circles) trials. Lines connecting points are least-squares lines of best fit. There was a non-statistically supported trend for the brown-headed cowbirds to fly approximately 25% slower when presented with a BirdShades treated window compared with controls.