Table 1.

Datasets used in this study

	Dataset	Location		Years	Genotypes	Measured variable	Frequency	Repetition	Figures
Model development	A	Field	Mauguio, France	1998	2 hybrids (Déa/Volga)	Leaf length and width Phenology	16 dates 16 dates	10 plants per date	Figs 3, 4; Supplementary Figs S2,S4
	B	Field	Network (5 sites): France (3 sites), Mexico, and Kenya	2006–2007	127 maize lines	Leaf length and width Phenology	3 dates pre- flowering	3 plants per line	Figs 1, 2, 5; Supplementary Fig. S3
Model parameterization	C	Greenhouse	Montpellier, France	2016	Subset of the DROPS panel (14 hybrids)	Leaf length and width Phenology	Every second day (20 dates)	3 plants per hybrid	Supplementary Fig. S1
	D	Field	Saint-Martin de Hinx, France	2016	Subset of the DROPS panel (14 hybrids)	Leaf length and width Phenology	Flowering time	3 plants per hybrid	–
Model test	E	Field	Network, Europe (14 sites)	2011–2013	Reference hybrid B73×UH007	Leaf length and width Phenology	3 dates pre- flowering	10 plants per site	Supplementary Fig. S7
	F	Field	Mauguio, France	2016	Subset of the DROPS panel (14 hybrids)	Leaf length and width Phenology	3 dates pre- flowering	3 plants per line	Fig. 6
	G	Field	Tlaltizapan Mexico	2006	Subset of the P1P2 mapping population (17 lines)	Leaf length, Phenology	3 dates pre- flowering	3 plants per line	Supplementary Fig. S6