Table 1.
Characteristics of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients on ICU Day 1
| Characteristica | Maintenance Dialysis Patients (n = 143) | Patients With Non-Dialysis-Dependent CKD (n = 521) | Patients Without Pre-existing CKD (n = 3,600) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 65 [56-71] | 69 [60-76] | 61 [51-70] |
| Male sex | 77 (54%) | 323 (62%) | 2,314 (64%) |
| Racea | |||
| White | 48 (34%) | 184 (35%) | 1,403 (39%) |
| Black | 71 (50%) | 232 (45%) | 963 (27%) |
| Other race | 5 (3%) | 34 (7%) | 309 (9%) |
| Unknown/not reported | 19 (13%) | 71 (14%) | 925 (26%) |
| Ethnicitya | |||
| Hispanic | 29 (20%) | 66 (13%) | 919 (26%) |
| Non-Hispanic | 107 (75%) | 411 (79%) | 2,218 (62%) |
| Unknown/not reported | 7 (5%) | 44 (8%) | 463 (13%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.3 [23.8-34.7] | 30.3 [26.3-36.3] | 30.4 [26.5-35.6] |
| US geographic region | |||
| Northeast | 78 (55%) | 241 (46%) | 2,175 (60%) |
| South | 27 (19%) | 65 (12%) | 388 (11%) |
| Midwest | 31 (22%) | 169 (32%) | 717 (20%) |
| West | 7 (5%) | 46 (9%) | 320 (9%) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Diabetes | 97 (68%) | 329 (63%) | 1,337 (37%) |
| Hypertension | 125 (87%) | 451 (87%) | 2,036 (57%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 55 (38%) | 146 (28%) | 374 (10%) |
| Heart failure | 44 (31%) | 136 (26%) | 233 (6%) |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 31 (22%) | 70 (13%) | 211 (6%) |
| Asthma or COPD | 21 (15%) | 118 (23%) | 617 (17%) |
| Chronic liver disease | 7 (5%) | 33 (6%) | 103 (3%) |
| Home medications | |||
| ACEi or ARB | 35 (24%) | 243 (47%) | 1,127 (31%) |
| β-Blocker | 98 (69%) | 264 (51%) | 768 (21%) |
| Other antihypertensive | 69 (48%) | 296 (57%) | 937 (26%) |
| Statin | 80 (56%) | 317 (61%) | 1,226 (34%) |
| Aspirin | 65 (45%) | 213 (41%) | 668 (19%) |
| Anticoagulant | 38 (27%) | 95 (18%) | 294 (8%) |
| NSAID | 3 (2%) | 26 (5%) | 322 (9%) |
| ICU admission source | |||
| Emergency department | 82 (57%) | 299 (57%) | 1,981 (55%) |
| Hospital ward | 47 (33%) | 165 (32%) | 1,114 (31%) |
| Transfer from another hospital | 12 (8%) | 50 (10%) | 487 (14%) |
| Other | 2 (1%) | 6 (1%) | 18 (1%) |
| Days from symptom onset to ICU admission | 4 [2-9] | 7 [3-10] | 7 [4-10] |
| Symptoms | |||
| Shortness of breath | 85 (59%) | 360 (69%) | 2,733 (76%) |
| Cough | 81 (57%) | 322 (62%) | 2,698 (75%) |
| Fever | 82 (57%) | 294 (56%) | 2,486 (69%) |
| Altered mental status | 36 (25%) | 106 (20%) | 418 (12%) |
| Myalgia or arthralgia | 15 (10%) | 94 (18%) | 815 (23%) |
| Headache | 4 (3%) | 27 (5%) | 343 (10%) |
| Nausea or vomiting | 27 (19%) | 60 (12%) | 573 (16%) |
| Diarrhea | 26 (18%) | 115 (22%) | 708 (20%) |
Note: Values are given as number (percent) for categorical variables and as median [interquartile range] for continuous variables. Absolute standardized mean differences comparing the patient groups with one another are presented in Tables S2 to S4. Variables with missing values are presented in Table S13.
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Information on race and ethnicity were abstracted from the electronic health record of each patient. In the United States, people of Hispanic ethnicity are those of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.