Table 4.
Association Between Pre-existing CKD and 14- and 28-Day In-Hospital Mortality Among Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
| Patient Group | No. of Deaths | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Model 1 HR (95% CI)a | Model 2 HR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14-Day In-Hospital Mortality | ||||
| No pre-existing CKD | 876 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Non-dialysis-dependent CKD | 207 | 1.80 (1.55-2.09) | 1.44 (1.23-1.68) | 1.32 (1.13-1.55) |
| Maintenance dialysis | 59 | 1.89 (1.46-2.45) | 1.75 (1.35-2.28) | 1.56 (1.19-2.04) |
| 28-Day In-Hospital Mortality | ||||
| No pre-existing CKD | 1,261 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Non-dialysis-dependent CKD | 265 | 1.67 (1.47-1.91) | 1.35 (1.18-1.55) | 1.25 (1.08-1.44) |
| Maintenance dialysis | 72 | 1.67 (1.31-2.12) | 1.58 (1.24-2.02) | 1.41 (1.09-1.81) |
Note: Fine and Gray proportional subdistribution hazards models were used to estimate the association between the presence of pre-existing kidney disease (kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis and non-dialysis-dependent CKD, separately) versus no pre-existing CKD and 14- and 28-day in-hospital mortality. Hospital discharge was treated as a competing event.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HR, hazard ratio, No., number.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity.
Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 covariates plus diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation or flutter.