KEY RESOURCES TABLE
| REAGENT or RESOURCE | SOURCE | IDENTIFIER |
|---|---|---|
| Antibodies | ||
| Mouse anti-TXNIP | MBL International | K0205-3 |
| Mouse anti-actin | Abcam | ab3280 |
| Goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-2005 |
| Rabbit anti-RNA polymerase II | Abcam | ab5131 |
| Rabbit normal IgG | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-2027 |
| Rabbit anti-insulin | Cell Signaling Technology | 4590S |
| Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG | Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc | 711-545-152 |
| Mouse anti-glucagon | MilliporeSigma | G2654 |
| Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated anti-mouse IgG | Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc | 715-585-150 |
| Chemicals | ||
| Type XI collagenase | Sigma Aldrich | C7657 |
| Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) | Corning | 21-023-CM |
| 0.02% radioimmunoassay-grade BSA | Sigma Aldrich | A7888 |
| 925-micron Spectra mesh filter | Spectrum Labs | 146410 |
| Ficoll 400 | Sigma Aldrich | 9378 |
| Secretagogues arginine | Sigma Aldrich | A6969-100G |
| Norepinephrine | Sigma Aldrich | A0937-5G |
| Lactate | Sigma Aldrich | L7022 |
| Glucagon | Sigma Aldrich | G2044 |
| Hydrogen chloride | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A144-500 |
| Formaldehyde | Sigma Aldrich | F8775-500ML |
| Glycine | Promega | H5071 |
| 10% SDS | Caliber | GR155-1 |
| Triton X-100 | Promega | H5141 |
| 1 M Tris-HCl (PH8.1) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | BP1758-500 |
| 5 M NaCl | Promega | V4221 |
| Proteinase inhibitor cocktail tablet | Roche | 4693132001 |
| Protein A-Sepharose | Sigma Aldrich | P3391 |
| 0.5 M EDTA | Thermo Fisher Scientific | BP2482-500 |
| Lithium Chloride | Thermo Fisher Scientific | L121-100 |
| NP-40 | US Biological | N3500 |
| Deoxycholate | Sigma Aldrich | 264101-100GM |
| NaHCO3 | Boston BioProducts | BB-2612 |
| Proteinase K | Thermo Fisher Scientific | AM2546 |
| Streptozocin | Sigma Aldrich | S0130 |
| Metformin | Sigma Aldrich | D150959-5G |
| Empagliflozin | Sigma Aldrich | A112500-5G |
| Human insulin | Eli Lilly | N/A |
| Periodic acid | Sigma Aldrich | P7875 |
| Schiff Reagent | Sigma Aldrich | 3952016 |
| Mayer’s Hematoxylin Solution | Sigma Aldrich | MHS 16 |
| [3-3H]glucose | PerkinElmer | NET331C005MC |
| 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose (2-[14C]DG) | PerkinElmer | NEC495001MC |
| SRI-37330 | Southern Research/this paper | N/A |
| Critical Commercial Assays | ||
| Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System | Promega | E1960 |
| Cell Titer-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit | Promega | G7571 |
| RNeasy 96 Kit | Qiagen | 74181 |
| QuantiFast SYBR Green RT-PCR Kit | Qiagen | 204154 |
| Mouse Glucagon ELISA Kit | Crystal Chem | 81518 |
| Pierce BCA Protein Assay | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 23227 |
| Glucose Colorimetric Detection Kit | Thermo Fisher Scientific | EIAGLUC |
| cAMP Direct Immunoassay Kit | Abcam | ab65355 |
| miRNeasy Mini Kit | Qiagen | 217004 |
| First strand cDNA synthesis Kit | Roche | 04896866001 |
| PCR product purification kit | Qiagen | 28106 |
| Mouse Ultrasensitive Insulin ELISA Kit | ALPCO | 80-INSMSU-E01 |
| Serum Triglyceride Assay Kit | Abcam | ab65336 |
| ALT Activity Assay | Sigma Aldrich | MAK052 |
| Mouse Glucose Assay Kit | Crystal Chem | 81692 |
| Glycogen Colorimetric Assay Kit | Abcam | ab65620 |
| Mouse on Mouse Detection Kit | Vector Laboratories Inc | BMK-2202 |
| Deposited Data | ||
| RNA sequencing data | GEO | GSE151588 |
| Experimental Models: Cell Lines | ||
| Rat INS-1 beta-like cells | Asfari et al., 1992 | N/A |
| Mouse αTC1-6 alpha cells | ATCC | ATCC CRL-2934 |
| Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains | ||
| C57BL/6J mice | The Jackson Laboratory | 000664 |
| GcgR-/-L mice | Kim et al., 2018 | N/A |
| Whole body Txnip-/- mice | Chen et al., 2008a | N/A |
| B6.BKS(D) – Leprdb/J (db/db) mice | The Jackson Laboratory | 000697 |
| Human islets | Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP) | N/A |
| Oligonucleotides | ||
| Mouse TXNIP siRNA | Dharmacon, Horizon Discovery | L-040441-01-0005 |
| Scramble control siRNA | Dharmacon, Horizon Discovery | D-001810-01-20 |
| Primers | Sigma Aldrich/this paper | Supplemental Table S2 |
| Plasmids | ||
| pGL4.17 [luc2/Neo] vector | Promega | E6721 |
| TXNIP expression plasmid | Minn et al. 2005 | N/A |
| human TXNIP promoter plasmid (full length & deletions) | Minn et al. 2005 | N/A |
| SV40 E-box plasmid | Minn et al. 2005 | N/A |
| pRL-TK control plasmid | Promega | E2231 |
| Software and Algorithms | ||
| StarDrop | Optibrium | https://www.optibrium.com/ |
| ImageQuant TL | GE Healthcare | N/A |
| STAR (v2.4.2a) | N/A | N/A |
| Salmon (v0.8.2) | N/A | N/A |
| DESeq2 | Bioconductor | https://www.bioconductor.org/ |
| cellSens Dimension Imaging | Olympus Corporation | N/A |
| SAS 9.4 | SAS | https://www.sas.com/ |
| Other | ||
| DharmaFECT Duo transfection reagent | Dharmacon, Horizon Discovery | T-2010-03 |
| DharmaFECT 1 transfection reagent | Dharmacon, Horizon Discovery | T-2001-03 |
| ECL Plus Western Blotting Reagents | GE Healthcare | 45-002-401 |
| RPMI 1640 with glucose | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11875119 |
| RPMI 1640 without glucose | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11879020 |
| Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11966025 |
| DMEM, no glucose, no glutamine, no phenol red | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A1443001 |
| Geneticin | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10131027 |
| Fetal Bovine Serum | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 16140071 |
| Pen/Strep | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15140122 |
| HEPES solution | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15630130 |
| Sodium Pyruvate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11360070 |
| L-glutamine | Sigma Aldrich | G3126 |
| 2-Mercaptoethanol | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 19470583 |
| D(+)-Glucose | Thermo Fisher Scientific | AC410955000 |
| Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 25200056 |
| Phosphate-Buffered Saline | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10010023 |
| Novex 10–20% Tris-Glycine Mini Gels | Thermo Fisher Scientific | XP10202BOX |