Table 4.
Regression Coefficients with the Corresponding P Values and 95% CI for Predictors from the PACU Opioid Administration Interrupted Time Series Analysis
| Predictor | Effect (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Change (2 mg→1 mg) | 1.55 (−0.33 to 3.43) | 0.106 |
| Change (1 mg→2 mg) | 0.35 (−2.15 to 2.84) | 0.784 |
| Prechange (2 mg→1 mg) | 0.00 (−0.20 to 0.20) | 0.983 |
| Postchange (2 mg→1 mg) | −1.36 (−2.82 to 0.10) | 0.068 |
| Postchange (1 mg→2 mg) | 2.81 (−0.14 to 5.76) | 0.062 |
| Weight, 10-kg | 0.99 (0.54 to 1.44) | < 0.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | −0.15 (−0.29 to −0.01) | 0.031 |
| Age, 10-yr | −1.36 (−1.59 to −1.13) | < 0.0001 |
| Sex, % male | −1.37 (−2.30 to −0.44) | 0.004 |
| ASA classification | −0.14 (−0.72 to 0.44) | 0.647 |
| ASA(E) | −3.25 (−5.17 to −1.33) | 0.001 |
| Case duration, 60-min | −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Ketamine | −14.15 (12.49 to 15.81) | < 0.0001 |
| Acetaminophen | −0.96 (−1.74 to −0.19) | 0.015 |
| Ketorolac | 0.77 (−0.64 to 2.18) | 0.286 |
| Subspecialty | < 0.0001 | |
| (0 vs. 2) | 9.89 (6.88 to 12.91) | < 0.0001 |
| (1 vs. 2) | 9.99 (3.44 to 16.53) | 0.003 |
| Anesthesia type | < 0.0001 | |
| (0 vs. 2) | 4.36 (1.60 to 7.13) | 0.002 |
| (1 vs. 2) | −1.48 (−6.39 to 3.43) | 0.556 |
This table displays the coefficients, 95% CI, and P values for each of the variables included in the multivariable segmented linear regression model examining the effect of hydromorphone presentation dose on postanesthesia care unit (PACU) opioid administration. The variable “Prechange (2 mg→1 mg)” represents time (per 10 weeks) before the change in hydromorphone from a 2-mg to 1-mg unit dose. The variable “Change (2 mg→1 mg)” represents the change in presentation dose from 2-mg to 1-mg unit dose. The variable “Postchange” represents time (per 10 weeks) after the change in hydromorphone from a 2-mg to 1-mg unit dose. The variable “Change (1 mg→2 mg)” represents the change in unit dose presentation from 1 mg to 2 mg. The variable “Postchange (2 mg→1 mg)” represents time (per 10 weeks) after the change from a 1-mg to 2-mg unit dose. The variable “Anesthesia type” indicates the type of anesthesia administered to the patient (i.e., general anesthesia [0], neuraxial anesthesia [1], and monitored anesthesia care [2]). The variable “Subspecialty” indicates the surgical subspecialty group to which the patient belonged (see the Materials and Methods section for description). ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; ASA(E), ASA Physical Status emergency indicator.