Table 1.
Participant characteristics, including physiological parameters at baseline and follow-up
| All participants (n = 25) | CHO-P group (n = 13) | CHO group (n = 12) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Age (years) | 20 ± 2 | – | 20 ± 2 | – | 20 ± 2 | – |
| Speed at 70% (km h−1) | 10.2 ± 1.0 | 10.7 ± 0.9 | 10.0 ± 1.0 | 10.6 ± 0.9 | 10.4 ± 0.9 | 10.9 ± 0.9 |
| Speed at 75% (km h−1) | 11.0 ± 1.0 | 11.6 ± 1.0 | 10.8 ± 1.1 | 11.4 ± 1.0 | 11.2 ± 1.0 | 11.8 ± 0.9 |
| Height (cm) | 179 ± 10 | – | 179 ± 10 | – | 179 ± 10 | – |
| Body mass (kg) | 76.3 ± 12 | 75.4 ± 10 | 77.7 ± 13 | 76.0 ± 11 | 73.9 ± 9 | 74.0 ± 8 |
| Body fat (%) | 16.3 ± 4.5 | 15.9 ± 3.6 | 15.8 ± 5.2 | 15.4 ± 3.9 | 17.0 ± 3.8 | 16.4 ± 3.4 |
| Body mass index (kg m2) | 23.8 ± 2.8 | 23.6 ± 2.3 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 23.8 ± 2.7 | 23.1 ± 2.0 | 23.1 ± 1.7 |
| Resting heart rate (beats min−1) | 61 ± 7 | 56 ± 9* | 63 ± 6 | 57 ± 8* | 59 ± 7 | 54 ± 10* |
| Maximum heart rate (beats min−1) | 203 ± 10 | 197 ± 9* | 200 ± 12 | 195 ± 10* | 206 ± 7 | 199 ± 7* |
| Resting metabolic rate (kJ min−1) | 7721 ± 259 | 7733 ± 225 | 7686 ± 322 | 7849 ± 238 | 7757 ± 301 | 7607 ± 301 |
| Urine osmolality (mOsm kg−1) | 519 ± 347 | 592 ± 281 | 523 ± 349 | 584 ± 291 | 516 ± 359 | 600 ± 282 |
Values are mean ± SD
*Significant time effect from baseline to follow-up (p < 0.05)