Table 1. Flavanols antioxidant activity dietary fibre and methylxanthines composition of the soluble cocoa products used in bioavailability and chronic interventions in humans: cocoa rich in cocoa (PC), cocoa rich in dietary fibre (DFC), conventional cocoa (CC), cocoa rich in methylxanthines and cocoa (MPC) and raw un-processed cocoa (RC).
| Product PC | Product DFC | Product CC | Product MPC | Product RC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyphenol composition | |||||
| Total polyphenols (a) (µg equiv gallic acid/g product) n = 6 |
34.04 ± 2.28 | 15.75 ± 0.67 | 21.70 ± 1.40 | 25.63 ± 1.00 | 42.11 ± 2.50 |
| EC (mg/g dry matter) (b) | 1.26 ± 0.18 | 0.33 ± 0.09 | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 1.15 ±006 | 2.40 ± 0.50 |
| CA (mg/g dry matter) (b) | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.12 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.53 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.17 |
| PB1 (mg/g dry matter) (b) | 0.20 ± 0.04 | n.d. | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.11 |
| PB2 (mg/g dry matter) (b) | 1.09 ± 0.10 | 0.57 ± 0.11 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 2.04 ± 0.68 |
| Total flavanols (b) | 3.02 ± 0.35 | 1.16 ± 0.32 | 1.32 ± 0.17 | 2.73 ± 0.18 | 5.68 ± 1.46 |
| Methylxanthines composition (b) | |||||
| Theobromine (mg/g dry matter) (b) | 6.43 ± 0.84 | 5.11 ± 0.14 | 5.63 ± 0.06 | 7.08 ± 0.22 | 6.33 ± 0.17 |
| Theophylline (mg/g dry matter) (b) | 0.01 ± 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
| Caffeine (mg/g dry matter) (b) | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.06 | 3.03 ± 0.28 | 1.46 ± 0.21 |
| Total methylxanthines (b) | 7.32 ± 0.93 | 5.62 ± 0.19 | 6.29 ± 0.12 | 10.24 ± 0.52 | 7.85 ± 0.39 |
| Dietary fibre composition (c) | |||||
| Soluble dietary fibre (%) = NS + UA (c) | 3.13 ± 0.59 | 1.68 ± 0.13 | 2.69 ± 0.70 | 3.00 ± 0.86 | 4.27 ± 0.27 |
| Neutral sugars (%) (c) | 2.46 ± 0.43 | 0.69 ± 0.04 | 2.21 ± 0.51 | 1.80 ± 0.67 | 2.70 ± 0.14 |
| Uronic acid (%) (c) | 0.67 ± 0.16 | 0.99 ± 0.09 | 0.48 ± 0.19 | 1.20 ± 0.19 | 1.57 ± 0.13 |
| Insoluble dietary fibre (%) = NS + UA (c) | 11.96 ± 1.05 | 20.32 ± 1.67 | 14.31 ± 0.51 | 26.63 ± 2. 54 | 11.58 ± 1.30 |
| Neutral sugars (%) (c) | 10.49 ± 0.96 | 19.06 ± 1.60 | 13.32 ± 0.29 | 25.43 ± 2.39 | 9.12 ± 1.08 |
| Uronic acid (%) (c) | 1.47 ± 0.09 | 1.26 ± 0.07 | 0.99 ± 0.22 | 1.20 ± 0.15 | 2.46 ± 0.22 |
| Total dietary fibre (%) (c) | 15.09 ± 1.64 | 22.00 ± 1.80 | 17.00 ± 1.21 | 29.63 ± 3.40 | 15.85 ± 1.57 |
Note:
Analysis carried out using (a) Folin-Ciocalteau method (b) HPLC method (c) Bravo & Saura-Calixto (1998). n.d., not detected; EC, epicatechin; CA, catechin; PB1, procyanidin B1; PB2, procyanidin B2.