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. 2020 Sep 12;7:1187–1206. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.004

Fig. 11.

Fig. 11

Cardiovascular effects in vitro. A. Induction of TNFα secretion in human MM6 cells treated with extracts from 3R4F, THS 2.2, and CHTP 1.2. B. Adhesion of monocytic cells to coronary arterial endothelial cells treated with the TNFα-containing CM from monocytes treated with extracts from 3R4F, THS 2.2, and CHTP 1.2 (indirect exposure). C. Adhesion of monocytic cells to coronary arterial endothelial cells treated with extracts from 3R4F, THS 2.2, and CHTP 1.2 (direct exposure). D. Effect of extracts from 3R4F, THS 2.2, and CHTP 1.2 on real-time impedance-based TEM. Real-time impedance-based TEM of THP-1 cells migrating across a layer of human coronary artery endothelial cells and exposed to increasing concentrations of extracts from 3R4F, THS 2.2, or CHTP 1.2 in cell invasion/migration chambers. The CXCL12 concentration that induced 50 % migration was used in these assays. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments (*p value < 0.05). TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CM, conditioned medium; THS, Tobacco Heating System; CHTP, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product; TEM, transendothelial migration; CXCL12, C-X-C motif chemokine 12; SEM, standard error of the mean.